Quantum Simulation for High-Energy Physics

PRX Quantum · 2023 · 298 citations

• Computer Science
• Political Science
• Computer Science

It is for the first time that quantum simulation for high-energy physics (HEP) is studied in the U.S. decadal particle-physics community planning, and in fact until recently, this was not considered a mainstream topic in the community. This fact speaks of a remarkable rate of growth of this subfield over the past few years, stimulated by the impressive advancements in quantum information sciences (QIS) and associated technologies over the past decade, and the significant investment in this area by the government and private sectors in the U.S. and other countries. High-energy physicists have quickly identified problems of importance to our understanding of nature at the most fundamental level, from tiniest distances to cosmological extents, that are intractable with classical computers but may benefit from quantum advantage. They have initiated, and continue to carry out, a vigorous program in theory, algorithm, and hardware co-design for simulations of relevance to the HEP mission. This Roadmap is an attempt to bring this exciting and yet challenging area of research to the spotlight, and to elaborate on what the promises, requirements, challenges, and potential solutions are over the next decade and beyond.

Quantum Information Science and Technology for Nuclear Physics. Input into U.S. Long-Range Planning, 2023

arXiv (Cornell University) · 2023 · 5 citations

• Political Science
• Physics
• Political Science

In preparation for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan (LRP), members of the Nuclear Science community gathered to discuss the current state of, and plans for further leveraging opportunities in, QIST in NP research at the Quantum Information Science for U.S. Nuclear Physics Long Range Planning workshop, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico on January 31 - February 1, 2023. The workshop included 45 in-person participants and 53 remote attendees. The outcome of the workshop identified strategic plans and requirements for the next 5-10 years to advance quantum sensing and quantum simulations within NP, and to develop a diverse quantum-ready workforce. The plans include resolutions endorsed by the participants to address the compelling scientific opportunities at the intersections of NP and QIST. These endorsements are aligned with similar affirmations by the LRP Computational Nuclear Physics and AI/ML Workshop, the Nuclear Structure, Reactions, and Astrophysics LRP Town Hall, and the Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos LRP Town Hall communities.

The International Linear Collider (Report to Snowmass 2021)

2022 · 49 citations

• Computer Science
• Physics
• Particle physics

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is on the table now as a new global energy-frontier accelerator laboratory taking data in the 2030s. The ILC addresses key questions for our current understanding of particle physics. It is based on a proven accelerator technology. Its experiments will challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and will provide a new window to look beyond it. This document brings the story of the ILC up to date, emphasizing its strong physics motivation, its readiness for construction, and the opportunity it presents to the US and the global particle physics community.

AtlFast3: The Next Generation of Fast Simulation in ATLAS

Computing and Software for Big Science · 2022 · 106 citations

• Computer Science
• Computer Science
• Computational science

Abstract The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has a broad physics programme ranging from precision measurements to direct searches for new particles and new interactions, requiring ever larger and ever more accurate datasets of simulated Monte Carlo events. Detector simulation with Geant4 is accurate but requires significant CPU resources. Over the past decade, ATLAS has developed and utilized tools that replace the most CPU-intensive component of the simulation—the calorimeter shower simulation—with faster simulation methods. Here, AtlFast3, the next generation of high-accuracy fast simulation in ATLAS, is introduced. AtlFast3 combines parameterized approaches with machine-learning techniques and is deployed to meet current and future computing challenges, and simulation needs of the ATLAS experiment. With highly accurate performance and significantly improved modelling of substructure within jets, AtlFast3 can simulate large numbers of events for a wide range of physics processes.

Search for heavy Higgs bosons decaying into two tau leptons with the ATLAS detector using pp collisions at $\sqrt(s)$ = 13 TeV

Proceedings of The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(EPS-HEP2021) · 2022 · 1 citations

• Physics
• Particle physics
• Nuclear physics

A search for heavy neutral Higgs bosons is performed using the LHC Run 2 data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. The heavy resonance search is performed over the mass range 0.2-2.5~TeV for the $\tau^{+}\tau^{-}$ decay with at least one $\tau$-lepton decaying into handronic final states. The data is in good agreement with the standard model predictions. Results are interpreted in terms of several Minimum Supersymmetry Standard Model scenarios.

Muon reconstruction and identification efficiency in ATLAS using the full Run 2 pp collision data set at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV

The European Physical Journal C · 2021 · 262 citations

• Computer Science
• Physics
• Particle physics

Abstract This article documents the muon reconstruction and identification efficiency obtained by the ATLAS experiment for 139 $$\hbox {fb}^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> of pp collision data at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> TeV collected between 2015 and 2018 during Run 2 of the LHC. The increased instantaneous luminosity delivered by the LHC over this period required a reoptimisation of the criteria for the identification of prompt muons. Improved and newly developed algorithms were deployed to preserve high muon identification efficiency with a low misidentification rate and good momentum resolution. The availability of large samples of $$Z\rightarrow \mu \mu $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> and $$J/\psi \rightarrow \mu \mu $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> decays, and the minimisation of systematic uncertainties, allows the efficiencies of criteria for muon identification, primary vertex association, and isolation to be measured with an accuracy at the per-mille level in the bulk of the phase space, and up to the percent level in complex kinematic configurations. Excellent performance is achieved over a range of transverse momenta from 3 GeV to several hundred GeV, and across the full muon detector acceptance of $$|\eta |&lt;2.7$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mi>η</mml:mi><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> .

Jet energy scale and resolution measured in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

The European Physical Journal C · 2021 · 248 citations

• Physics
• Nuclear physics
• Particle physics

Abstract Jet energy scale and resolution measurements with their associated uncertainties are reported for jets using 36–81 fb $$^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> of proton–proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> $${\text {Te}}{\text {V}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed using two different input types: topo-clusters formed from energy deposits in calorimeter cells, as well as an algorithmic combination of charged-particle tracks with those topo-clusters, referred to as the ATLAS particle-flow reconstruction method. The anti- $$k_t$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>k</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math> jet algorithm with radius parameter $$R=0.4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> is the primary jet definition used for both jet types. This result presents new jet energy scale and resolution measurements in the high pile-up conditions of late LHC Run 2 as well as a full calibration of particle-flow jets in ATLAS. Jets are initially calibrated using a sequence of simulation-based corrections. Next, several in situ techniques are employed to correct for differences between data and simulation and to measure the resolution of jets. The systematic uncertainties in the jet energy scale for central jets ( $$|\eta |&lt;1.2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mi>η</mml:mi><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) vary from 1% for a wide range of high- $$p_{{\text {T}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:math> jets ( $$250&lt;p_{{\text {T}}} &lt;2000~{\text {Ge}}{\text {V}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>250</mml:mn><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext></mml:msub><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2000</mml:mn><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math> ), to 5% at very low $$p_{{\text {T}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:math> ( $$20~{\text {Ge}}{\text {V}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>20</mml:mn><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math> ) and 3.5% at very high $$p_{{\text {T}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mtext>T</mml:mtext></mml:msub></mml:math> ( $$&gt;2.5~{\text {Te}}{\text {V}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math> ). The relative jet energy resolution is measured and ranges from ( $$24 \pm 1.5$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>24</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> )% at 20 $${\text {Ge}}{\text {V}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> to ( $$6 \pm 0.5$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> )% at 300 $${\text {Ge}}{\text {V}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> .

Test of the universality of $\tau$ and $\mu$ lepton couplings in $W$-boson decays from $t\bar{t}$ events with the ATLAS detector

2020 · 3 citations

• Physics
• Particle physics
• Nuclear physics

The Standard Model of particle physics encapsulates our current best understanding of physics at the smallest scales. A fundamental axiom of this theory is the universality of the couplings of the different generations of leptons to the electroweak gauge bosons. The measurement of the ratio of the rate of decay of $W$ bosons to $\tau$-leptons and muons, $R(\tau/\mu) = B(W \to \tau \nu_\tau)/B(W \to \mu \nu_\mu)$, constitutes an important test of this axiom. A measurement of this quantity with a novel technique using di-leptonic $t\bar{t}$ events is presented based on 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of data recorded with the ATLAS detector in proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. Muons originating from $W$ bosons and those originating from an intermediate $\tau$-lepton are distinguished using the lifetime of the $\tau$-lepton, through the muon transverse impact parameter, and differences in the muon transverse momentum spectra. The value of $R(\tau/\mu)$ is found to be $0.992 \pm 0.013 [\pm 0.007 (stat) \pm 0.011 (syst)]$ and is in agreement with the hypothesis of universal lepton couplings as postulated in the Standard Model. This is the most precise measurement of this ratio, and the only such measurement from the Large Hadron Collider, to date.

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>13</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math> collisions with the ATLAS detector

Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2020 · 89 citations

• Particle physics
• Physics
• Nuclear physics

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of ffiffi ffi s p 13 TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 . A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015-2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV.

Observation of electroweak production of two jets and a $Z$-boson pair with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · 2020 · 16 citations

• Physics
• Particle physics
• Nuclear physics

Electroweak symmetry breaking explains the origin of the masses of elementary particles through their interactions with the Higgs field. Besides the measurements of the Higgs boson properties, the study of the scattering of massive vector bosons with spin 1 allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed. Among all processes related to vector-boson scattering, the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair is a rare and important one. Here we report the observation of this process from proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{−1}$ recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. We consider two different final states originating from the decays of the Z-boson pair: one containing four charged leptons and another containing two charged leptons and two neutrinos. The hypothesis of no electroweak production is rejected with a statistical significance of 5.7σ, and the measured cross-section for electroweak production is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. In addition, we report cross-sections for inclusive production of a Z-boson pair and two jets for the two final states.