About

Xiaoning Jiang is the Dean F. Duncan Distinguished Professor at North Carolina State University in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. The page does not provide specific details about his research focus, background, or key contributions.

Research topics

• Materials science
• Acoustics
• Computer Science
• Optoelectronics
• Biomedical engineering
• Composite material
• Physics
• Engineering
• Medicine
• Algorithm
• Arithmetic
• Mechanical engineering
• Electrical engineering
• Mathematics
• Engineering physics
• Pure mathematics
• Thermodynamics
• Nanotechnology
• Crystallography
• Chemistry
• Radiology

Selected publications

• Recent advances in transducers for through-tissue ultrasonic power transfer

  Progress in Biomedical Engineering · 2026-04-15

  articleOpen accessSenior author

  Ultrasonic power transfer (UPT) is gaining traction for wireless energy delivery to implants and wearables because it combines centimeter-scale penetration with compact receivers. This review takes a transducer-centric view of UPT and organizes the field across bulk piezoelectrics (including lead-free options), piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers, flexible polymer platforms and magnetostrictive transducers. We connect working mechanisms and structural configurations to practical performance-operating frequency ranges, bandwidth, link efficiency and output power, and miniaturization trade-offs-and summarize representative demonstrations in biomedical systems. System-level considerations for integration (acoustic/electrical matching and rectification) and bidirectional links (including backscatter and active telemetry) are highlighted to show how a single acoustic carrier can deliver power and data through tissue. We conclude with challenges (attenuation and misalignment, materials reliability and packaging, and scaling to millimeter/sub-millimeter form factors) and opportunities that draw on materials innovations (metamaterials, lead-free ceramics, flexible polymers) and machine-learning-assisted co-design for robust, efficient through-tissue operation. Together, this transducer-focused synthesis provides a practical map from device physics and fabrication choices to system performance and emerging applications.

  PublisherDOI

• Flexoelectricity enables piezoelectric single crystals to be self-poled

  npj Flexible Electronics · 2026-04-09

  articleOpen access

  Piezoelectric materials used in transducer applications suffer from thermal depolarization, resulting in performance degradation or complete loss of their piezoelectricity. Self-poling is a promising phenomenon, as it enables ferroelectric materials to spontaneously develop net polarization and exhibit piezoelectric response without a conventional poling process. However, the mechanism of self-poling in bulk ferroelectric materials remains controversial and unclear. Here, we demonstrate that inhomogeneous physical properties in the bulk ferroelectric single crystals can induce flexoelectricity-driven unidirectional self-poling. We confirmed the presence of inhomogeneous lattice parameters, thermal expansion coefficients, and phase transition temperatures along the [001] direction in the Mn-doped 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3−0.29PbTiO3 single crystal through in-situ high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction analysis. These inhomogeneities allow the single crystal to preserve its non-centrosymmetric state along the [001] direction well above TC and enable thermal activation of the self-poling even below TC. These self-poling ferroelectrics are expected to resolve critical reliability issues in future electronic applications.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Coupled Ferroelectricity and Phonon Chirality

  arXiv (Cornell University) · 2026-03-13

  preprintOpen access

  The ability to control chirality and chiral phonons offers a route to manipulate the direction of spin and angular-momentum transport. In materials with rigid structural chirality, such as quartz, phonon chirality is fixed by the handedness and cannot be switched. By contrast, ferroelectric materials host a spontaneous polarization that can be reversibly switched by an external electric field. When chirality is coupled to this ferroelectric polarization, it enables electrical switching of crystal chirality and the associated phonon angular momentum, which is compatible with solid-state spintronic architectures, enabling control over chirality-dependent quantum states.1 Here, we report the experimental demonstration of the coupling between ferroelectricity and phonon chirality in the molecular ferroelectric triglycine sulfate. By electrically switching the crystal chirality, we achieve reversible and device-compatible control of phonon chirality, as revealed by in situ time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. The Kerr rotation reverses with electric-field switching, while phonon chirality vanishes in the paraelectric phase and is tunable in the racemic ferroelectric state. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations and circularly polarized Raman spectroscopy further corroborate the opposite circular phonon motions. These results establish an electrically addressable coupling pathway linking ferroelectricity, structural chirality, chiral phonons, and spin, opening a route toward chiral-phonon-enabled spin and phonon control technologies based on ferroelectric materials.

  PublisherDOI

• Coupled Ferroelectricity and Phonon Chirality

  ArXiv.org · 2026-03-13

  articleOpen access

  The ability to control chirality and chiral phonons offers a route to manipulate the direction of spin and angular-momentum transport. In materials with rigid structural chirality, such as quartz, phonon chirality is fixed by the handedness and cannot be switched. By contrast, ferroelectric materials host a spontaneous polarization that can be reversibly switched by an external electric field. When chirality is coupled to this ferroelectric polarization, it enables electrical switching of crystal chirality and the associated phonon angular momentum, which is compatible with solid-state spintronic architectures, enabling control over chirality-dependent quantum states.1 Here, we report the experimental demonstration of the coupling between ferroelectricity and phonon chirality in the molecular ferroelectric triglycine sulfate. By electrically switching the crystal chirality, we achieve reversible and device-compatible control of phonon chirality, as revealed by in situ time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. The Kerr rotation reverses with electric-field switching, while phonon chirality vanishes in the paraelectric phase and is tunable in the racemic ferroelectric state. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations and circularly polarized Raman spectroscopy further corroborate the opposite circular phonon motions. These results establish an electrically addressable coupling pathway linking ferroelectricity, structural chirality, chiral phonons, and spin, opening a route toward chiral-phonon-enabled spin and phonon control technologies based on ferroelectric materials.

  PublisherOA PDF

• Experimental Evaluation of an Array Transducer for Ultrasound Thermal Strain Imaging: Phantom and In Vivo Studies

  Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · 2025-06-07 · 3 citations

  articleOpen access

  OBJECTIVE: Characterization of atherosclerosis plaque (AP) is critical for diagnosing rupture-prone AP that directly causes stroke and heart attack, and for guiding in-time interventions and avoiding unnecessary surgeries for stable cases. Ultrasound thermal strain imaging (US-TSI) is known to be capable of characterizing lipids, an important feature of rupture-prone AP. However, before translating US-TSI to in vivo clinical applications, significant technical challenges must be overcome, primarily the requirements of a well-controlled heating strategy to achieve a rapid, safe and spatial-temporal-precise local tissue temperature increase. METHODS: To address these issues, we recently developed a novel US-TSI transducer that integrates dual ultrasound heating arrays that use the thermal effect of the acoustic radiation force, and an ultrasound imaging array to reconstruct the spatial thermal strain map. RESULTS: This article presents the first comprehensive test results of our new US-TSI transducer including benchtop US-TSI experiments on ultrasound gelatin phantoms with spatial temperature measurements to compare the thermal strain pattern and the corresponding 2-D temperature map, and US-TSI experiments on a pig with temperature measurements to verify the in vivo feasibility and safety further. A clear thermal strain pattern was obtained as a maximum of -0.25% in phantom and -0.08% in vivo, which corresponds with a reasonable temperature increase, 2.5°C in the phantom and 0.9°C in vivo. There was also a high resemblance between the thermal strain pattern and corresponding temperature measurements. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of performing US-TSI using our new array transducer.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Thrombolysis transducer with wedged matching for IVUS clot detection

  2025-09-15

  articleSenior author

  Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) affects over 300,000 patients annually in the United States and remains difficult to treat due to the compact structure of retracted thrombi and limitations of current therapies, which carry risks of inefficiency, bleeding, and pulmonary embolism. Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis has emerged as a promising strategy, particularly with cavitation agents such as nanodroplets that achieve deeper penetration and higher lysis rates than microbubbles. However, existing intravascular devices often lack combined therapeutic and imaging capabilities, and sub-MHz designs require high activation pressures that hinder clinical translation. Thus, we present a miniaturized intravascular ultrasound system that integrates a low-frequency (750 kHz) therapeutic transducer with a high-frequency (40 MHz) inclined imaging transducer. Rotational B-mode imaging was achieved for thrombolysis with an imaging distance of 4 mm. This unique wedge-matched design enables precise local energy delivery, rotational and forward-looking imaging, and real-time monitoring of thrombolysis, which offers a safer, more effective platform for imaging guided intravascular sonothrombolysis of retracted clots.

  PublisherDOI

• A Methodological Protocol and Considerations for Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation in Exploratory Clinical Human Studies

  Journal of Visualized Experiments · 2025-12-12

  article

  Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is emerging as a non-invasive neuromodulatory technique capable of delivering millimeter-precision stimulation at whole-brain depths. Research efforts have increasingly focused on its translational potential. Promising data have been reported across several disease populations, including Parkinson's disease and stroke, paving the way for clinical applications of TUS. Clinical studies to date, however, show substantial variability in transducer fixation, targeting approaches, and acoustic parameters. This limits the interpretability and comparability of results. Existing methodological guides address human TUS in general but do not focus on applications in neurological populations. This experimental protocol presents a standardized yet adaptable framework for applying TUS to neurological cohorts such as stroke. It offers detailed guidance on: (1) essential and optional hardware components in the context of therapy-oriented TUS; (2) hardware settings and parameter selection, including strategies to minimize auditory confounds; (3) calibration and quality assurance procedures to ensure the transducer delivers waveforms as specified; (4) targeting approaches based on simulation or non-simulation methods for accurate localization of TUS focus/foci to the intended anatomical region(s); (5) methodology adaption for clinical populations; and (6) outcome measures for clinical TUS, encompassing safety assessments and surrogate outcome measures such as corticospinal excitability and motor sequence learning. This protocol is designed as a replicable, modular resource. It accommodates both novice users (seeking a practical entry point into patient-based TUS) and experienced researchers (aiming to align with emerging scientific and methodological standards). The goal is to support the growing clinical interest in TUS and to facilitate clinically translatable, reproducible, and comparable results across research groups and patient populations.

  PublisherDOI

• Computational flexoelectronics: A framework for analyzing PN junctions in flexoelectric semiconductors

  International Journal of Mechanical Sciences · 2025-08-30 · 4 citations

  article
  PublisherDOI

• A Miniaturized Multidirectional Stacking Ultrasound Transducer for Endo-Bronchoscopy Lung Nodule Ablation

  IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · 2025-10-16

  articleSenior author

  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide with estimated over 230,000 being diagnosed in USA annually. Due to the poor 5-year survival rate (18.6%) for lung cancer, it is vital for the early-stage lung cancer diagnosis and therapy with curative intervention, which can dramatically reduce the mortality. Ultrasound ablation has been reported as a promising technique taking the advantages of acoustic impedance differences between the nodule tissue and normal lung tissue and the ability to focus acoustic energy with ultrasound array for focused high power and precise focal zone control. Yet, endoscopic ultrasound transducers still face the challenge of insufficient power output due to dimension constraints. Thus, in this work, we developed a miniaturized, multidirectional ultrasound transducer with an overall dimension of 2.2 × 2.2 × 6.0 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for fitting in modern bronchoscopy procedures to target peripheral pulmonary lesions. Meanwhile, with a two-layer stack design, the multi-directional transducer was more efficient in generating high power with a small form factor design that is capable of inducing temperature rise to over 65 °C in 3 min for tissue ablations. For the in-vitro test, a temperature sensitive color-changing material has been demonstrated for mimicking the nodule with surrounding inflated bovine lung tissues. The ablated lesion size was first estimated with a thermal camera and then demonstrated with the color variation area. With a lesion size of 7.3 × 4.2 × 3.1 mm³ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in vitro</i> at a depth of 4 mm, the potential of the device for lung nodule treatment was validated.

  PublisherDOI

• Ultrasound-Compatible sEMG Electrode Enabling Simultaneous ARFI Acquisition

  2025-09-15

  articleSenior author

  Conventional surface electromyography (sEMG) electrodes obstruct ultrasound transmission, preventing integration with advanced imaging modalities such as Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging. To overcome this limitation, we present an ultrasound-compatible sEMG electrode fabricated from a silver nanowire–polydimethylsiloxane (AgNW– PDMS) composite. Electrode combines electrical conductivity with acoustic transparency, enabling co-localized acquisition of electrophysiological and mechanical muscle signals. Phantom and human experiments were performed using a Verasonics Vantage 256 system with a linear array transducer. Results demonstrate that the AgNW–PDMS electrode introduces an attenuation of about 33 % while retaining sufficient displacement for ARFI stiffness estimation. Simultaneous ARFI data were successfully collected from the extensor carpi radialis muscle in healthy participants without repositioning. To our best knowledge, this study provides the first demonstration of co-localized sEMG and ARFI acquisition enabled by acoustically transparent electrodes. While polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) introduces acoustic limitations due to attenuation and impedance mismatch, this work establishes a foundation for multimodal neuromuscular monitoring and motivates systematic material optimization.

  PublisherDOI

Recent grants

• Dual Excitation Catheter-delivered Laser Ultrasound Thrombolysis (DECLUT) for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Treatment

  NIH · $150k · 2020–2022

• Flexoelectric Strain Gradient Sensors- a New Sensing Technology for In-situ Structure Health Monitoring

  NSF · $260k · 2011–2015

• Dual-frequency intravascular arrays for functional imaging of atherosclerosis

  NIH · $2.0M · 2012–2018

• Integrated Dual-frequency Ultrasound Catheter for Accelerated Sonothrombolysis (iDUCAS)

  NIH · $3.5M · 2018–2028

• Photoacoustic-imaging-guided intravascular sonothrombolysis

  NIH · $411k · 2019–2022

Frequent coauthors

• Paul A. Dayton

  110 shared

• Huaiyu Wu

  North Carolina State University

  88 shared

• Jinwook Kim

  Yonsei University Health System

  88 shared

• Wenbin Huang

  Chongqing University

  74 shared

• Howuk Kim

  Inha University

  60 shared

• Bohua Zhang

  North Carolina State University

  52 shared

• Shujun Zhang

  University of Wollongong

  50 shared

• Wei-Yi Chang

  45 shared

Awards & honors

• Fellow of IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine (2026)
• Guest Editorial in IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine (2026)
• NC State University Dean F. Duncan Distinguished Professor