About

Tiffany Green is an Associate Professor in the Departments of Population Health Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She is based at the WARF Office Building in Madison, WI. Her research focuses on population health, with an emphasis on health disparities and public health issues. Dr. Green holds a PhD and is actively involved in academic and research activities within her departments, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in population health sciences.

Research topics

• Medicine
• Psychology
• Clinical psychology
• Developmental psychology
• Social psychology
• Psychiatry
• Demography
• Nursing
• Gerontology
• Law

Selected publications

• Demographic Variation in Prenatal Care Coordination Receipt and Resulting Birth Outcomes: Evidence From the Wisconsin Medicaid Population

  Journal of Public Health Management and Practice · 2026-02-06

  articleOpen access

  CONTEXT: Medicaid-funded obstetric care coordination services improve birth outcomes. Whether these benefits vary by race/ethnicity or urbanicity is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether the associations between Wisconsin Medicaid's Prenatal Care Coordination (PNCC) program and birth outcomes varied by race/ethnicity and urbanicity. DESIGN: Data came from a statewide cohort of birth records and linked Medicaid claims. The treatment was PNCC receipt during pregnancy for the birthing parent (none; assessment/care plan; service receipt). Covariate-adjusted conventional and sibling fixed effects linear probability models computed associations between PNCC treatment and birth outcome risks. We stratified models on birthing parent race/ethnicity (American Indian/Alaska Native non-Hispanic [NH]; Asian/Pacific Islander NH; Black NH; Hispanic; White NH; multiple NH; other NH) or on residence county urbanicity (large central metro; large fringe metro; medium metro; small metro; micropolitan; noncore). SETTING: Wisconsin, US. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 249 502 Medicaid-paid births (2010-2019). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preterm birth (PTB; gestational age <37 weeks). Low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g). RESULTS: Bias-limiting sibling fixed effects estimates indicated that PNCC's benefit is greatest among Black NH births and large central metro births. For Black NH births, PNCC service receipt was associated with a 3.3 percentage point (pp) reduction (95% CI: -4.5, -2.1pp) and a -2.9pp reduction (95% CI: -4.0, -1.7pp) in the risks of PTB and LBW, respectively. For large central metro births, PNCC service receipt was associated with a 2.7pp reduction (95% CI: -3.7, -1.7pp) and a -2.4pp reduction (95% CI: -3.4, -1.5pp) in the risks of PTB and LBW, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates suggest that PNCC services were most effective in Black NH and urban populations. This motivates policy to improve PNCC outreach and impact in populations that stand to benefit from care coordination during pregnancy.

  PublisherDOI

• Follow-Up Time of Anal Cancer Screening among Women Living with HIV at High Risk of Developing Anal Cancer

  Oncology Research and Treatment · 2025-05-31

  articleOpen access

  Introduction: Screening for anal cancer can help in its secondary prevention. We examined follow-up time for anal cancer screening among high-risk women living with HIV (WLHIV) and whether it varies with the number of risk factors for developing anal cancer. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involving high-risk WLHIV under 65 enrolled in Medicaid for at least 2 years across 16 US states plus D.C. from 2009 to 2012. High risk was defined by a history of abnormal cervical test results or genital warts. Initial anal cancer screening was the first screening after a high-risk diagnosis, with results classified as normal or abnormal. Follow-up was until the next screening. Follow-up time was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and the Cox Proportional Hazards model. RESULTS: Our cohort included 4,340 high-risk WLHIV, mean (±SD) age 41.8 (±10.2) years. About 18% (763/4,340) had both risk factors, while 9% (374/4,340) had abnormal results on their initial anal cancer screening. The median time, or the time at which 50% of the cohort received follow-up screening, was 17.53 (95% CI = 16.13, 18.30) months overall. Follow-up screening was more common in women with both risk factors for developing anal cancer compared to those with one risk factor (median time: 10.13 [95% CI = 8.90, 11.47] vs. 19.56 [95% CI = 18.36, 21.40] months; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.53 [95% CI = 1.38, 1.68]). The follow-up was also more common in women with abnormal results on the initial screening compared to those with a normal result (median time: 7.00 [95% CI = 5.40, 9.23] vs. 18.91 [95% CI = 17.92, 20.12] months; aHR = 2.00 [95% CI = 1.76, 2.28]). CONCLUSION: Follow-up time for anal cancer screening in high-risk WLHIV was about 1.5 years but varied according to the risk of developing anal cancer. Future research should examine the guideline-concordance of follow-up screening time given the recently issued guidelines for anal cancer screening. .

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Racial disparities in intrapartum care experiences and birth hospital characteristics

  Social Science & Medicine · 2025-01-19 · 1 citations

  articleOpen accessSenior author

  Policymakers and researchers have posited intrapartum care as a potential mediator of racial inequities in perinatal outcomes. However, few studies have measured patient-centered quality of intrapartum care or explored differences by race. To address this gap, we developed a survey supplement using cognitive interviewing and administered it to a probability-based race-stratified random sample of people who recently gave birth in Wisconsin in 2020, including oversamples of non-Hispanic Black and Indigenous birthing people. We estimate overall and race-specific prevalences of intrapartum care experiences and use survey-weighted mixed effects ordinal and logistic regression to estimate differences in intrapartum care experiences by race/ethnicity and hospital characteristics. We find significant racial differences in the population prevalence of negative experiences of intrapartum care providers, including disrespect, lack of responsiveness, inclusion in decision-making about care, and pressure to use epidural analgesia. In unadjusted models, both non-Hispanic Indigenous (American Indian/Alaska Native) and non-Hispanic Black respondents had higher odds (than non-Hispanic White birthing people) of reporting several negative intrapartum experiences, including feeling disrespected by providers and experiencing a lower level of care team responsiveness. In adjusted models, Indigenous respondents had significantly higher odds of reporting that intrapartum care providers withheld information, showed disrespect, and were less responsive. Giving birth at a low birth-volume hospital was associated with higher odds of reporting greater participation in decision-making. CONCLUSION: While all birthing people are entitled to respectful and person-centered care, in practice, Indigenous and Black birthing persons are more likely than their white counterparts to endure negative intrapartum experiences including disrespect and lack of responsiveness to their needs. Equitable implementation of person-centered care principles will require concerted efforts to institutionalize practices that preserve patient dignity and autonomy.

  PublisherDOI

• Intrapartum Care Experiences Associated With Postpartum Visit Attendance

  Birth · 2025-03-11 · 1 citations

  articleOpen accessSenior author

  INTRODUCTION: The postpartum visit is an important opportunity to prevent pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality; however, about 1 in 10 birthing people do not attend this visit. Intrapartum care experiences are an understudied factor that may contribute to postpartum healthcare engagement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyze data from a novel survey supplement on intrapartum care experiences administered to a probability-based population sample of people who have recently given birth through the Wisconsin Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. RESULTS: In regression models adjusting for a robust set of individual characteristics and birth hospital clustering, we find that lower provider responsiveness during intrapartum care is associated with increased odds of forgoing the postpartum visit (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.0). DISCUSSION: The quality of care received during the birth hospitalization may shape how birthing people feel about health care providers and their willingness to attend future visits. Experiences of care during the intrapartum period may contribute to future health care utilization. Improving these experiences is an opportunity to promote long-term health.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and myocardial infarction in U.S. adults

  BMC Public Health · 2024-08-05 · 6 citations

  articleOpen access

  BACKGROUND: Compared with conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are less harmful in some studies. However, recent research may indicate the opposite. This study aimed to determine whether e-cigarette use is related to myocardial health in adults in the U.S. METHODS: This study used data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional survey of adult US residents aged 18 years or older. We examined whether e-cigarette use was related to myocardial infarction byapplying a logistic regression model to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The final analytical sample included 198,530 adults in the U.S. Logistic regression indicated that U.S. adults who reported being former and some days of e-cigarette use had 23% and 52% greater odds of ever having an MI, respectively, than did those who reported never using e-cigarettes (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.40, p = 0.001; OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.09, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that former and someday users of e-cigarettes probably have increased odds of myocardial infarction in adults in the U.S. Further research is needed, including long-term follow-up studies on e-cigarettes, since it is still unknown whether they should be discouraged.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Race and Ethnicity of Reproductive-Age Females Affected by US State Abortion Bans

  JAMA · 2024-05-01 · 6 citations

  articleOpen access

  This study compares the race and ethnicity of reproductive-age females between states that implemented restrictive abortion policies after the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision and states that did not.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Equitable Artificial Intelligence in Obstetrics, Maternal–Fetal Medicine, and Neonatology

  Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2024-03-28 · 3 citations

  articleSenior author

  Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential benefits in the interconnected fields of obstetrics, maternal-fetal medicine, and neonatology to bridge disciplinary silos for a unified approach. Artificial intelligence has the capacity to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision making for the birthing parent-neonate dyad. There is an inherent risk of ingrained biases in AI that perpetuate existing inequalities; thus, care must be taken to include diverse data sets with interdisciplinary collaboration that centers equitable AI implementation. As AI plays an increasingly important role in perinatal care, we advocate for its cautious, equity-focused application to benefit the perinatal dyad while avoiding the intensification of health care disparities and disciplinary silos.

  PublisherDOI

• Do implicit bias trainings on race improve health care? Not yet – but incorporating the latest science can help hospitals treat all patients equitably

  2024-04-24

  articleSenior author
  PublisherDOI

• Association between Child Tax Credit advance payments and food insufficiency in households experiencing economic shocks

  Health Affairs Scholar · 2024-01-31 · 11 citations

  articleOpen access

  The COVID-19 pandemic brought increases in economic shocks due to poor health and lost employment, which reduced economic well-being, especially in households with children. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 expanded Child Tax Credit (CTC) payments to include eligibility for the lowest income households, boosted benefit levels, and provided monthly advance payments to households with children. Using Census Household Pulse Survey respondent data from January 2021 to July 2022, we evaluated the association between these advance CTC monthly payments and food insufficiency among households with children experiencing health- or employment-related economic shocks (defined as missed work due to COVID-19/other illness or COVID-19-related employer closure/layoff/furlough). Using a triple difference design, we found that the advance CTC was associated with greater reductions in food insufficiency among households with children experiencing economic shocks both compared with households without children and with households with children not experiencing economic shocks. Permanently expanding the advance CTC could create resilience to economic shocks during disease outbreaks, climate disasters, and recessions.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• The nature and validity of implicit bias training for health care providers and trainees: A systematic review

  Science Advances · 2024-08-14 · 19 citations

  reviewOpen accessSenior author

  The number of health care educational institutions/organizations adopting implicit bias training is growing. Our systematic review of 77 studies (published 1 January 2003 through 21 September 2022) investigated how implicit bias training in health care is designed/delivered and whether gaps in knowledge translation compromised the reliability and validity of the training. The primary training target was race/ethnicity (49.3%); trainings commonly lack specificity on addressing implicit prejudice or stereotyping (67.5%). They involved a combination of hands-on and didactic approaches, lasting an average of 343.15 min, often delivered in a single day (53.2%). Trainings also exhibit translational gaps, diverging from current literature (10 to 67.5%), and lack internal (99.9%), face (93.5%), and external (100%) validity. Implicit bias trainings in health care are characterized by bias in methodological quality and translational gaps, potentially compromising their impacts.

  PublisherDOI

Frequent coauthors

• Nao Hagiwara

  13 shared

• Briana Mezuk

  University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

  13 shared

• Paul B. Perrin

  Virginia Commonwealth University

  10 shared

• Wanderimam Tuktur

  University of Wisconsin–Madison

  9 shared

• Viktoryia Kalesnikava

  University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

  9 shared

• Jason Winston

  University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

  9 shared

• Joshua Montgomery

  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health

  9 shared

• David C. Wheeler

  University College London

  9 shared

Education

• Ph.D., Public Health

  University of Wisconsin-Madison

  2005

• M.S., Public Health

  University of Wisconsin-Madison

  2001

• B.A., Public Health

  University of California, Berkeley

  1998