About

Samuel Jones is an Associate/Assistant Dean at the College of Veterinary Medicine at NC State University. He received his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) from the University of Tennessee in 1988 and earned his PhD in Immunology from Washington University in 1998. Dr. Jones is the Director of both the Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program and the Combined DVM/PhD Program at the college. His area of expertise is immunology, with a focus on how inflammation is triggered and regulated, and how it contributes to the pathophysiology of diseases such as colitis, equine colic, sepsis, and endotoxemia. His research investigates cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell migration, particularly the role of innate immune cells called neutrophils, and how signaling molecules regulate their function. He uses human, equine, and model organism cells and in vivo models to study these processes. Additionally, Dr. Jones studies the inflammatory responses of equine leukocytes, including gene regulation in response to lipopolysaccharide, and collaborates on research related to intestinal mucosal repair following ischemic injury. His work aims to deepen understanding of immune mechanisms and inflammation-related diseases in veterinary medicine.

Research topics

• Sociology

Selected publications

• Post-traumatic stress disorder is more likely in younger patients undergoing lower limb arthroplasty: impact on function and quality of life

  Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery · 2023-09-29 · 4 citations

  article
  PublisherDOI

• A myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) inhibitor peptide attenuates neutrophil outside-in β ₂ -integrin activation and signaling

  Cell Adhesion & Migration · 2023-07-13 · 5 citations

  articleOpen access

  -integrin activation and signaling.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Can Non-Physician Providers Use Ultrasound to Aid in Establishing Peripheral IV Access in Patients Who are Difficult to Cannulate? A Scoping Review

  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · 2022-05-20 · 20 citations

  reviewOpen access

  INTRODUCTION: Non-physician performed point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is emerging as a diagnostic adjunct with the potential to enhance current practice. The scope of POCUS utility is broad and well-established in-hospital, yet limited research has occurred in the out-of-hospital environment. Many physician-based studies expound the value of POCUS in the acute setting as a therapeutic and diagnostic tool. This study utilized a scoping review methodology to map the literature pertaining to non-physician use of POCUS to improve success of peripheral intravenous access (PIVA), especially in patients predicted to be difficult to cannulate. METHODS: Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched from January 1, 1990 through April 15, 2021. A thorough search of the grey literature and reference lists of relevant articles was also performed to identify additional studies. Articles were included if they examined non-physician utilization of ultrasound-guided PIVA (USGPIVA) for patients anticipated to be difficult to cannulate. RESULTS: A total of 158 articles were identified. A total of 16 articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of participants had varied experience with ultrasound, making accurate comparison difficult. Training and education were non-standardized, as was the approach to determining difficult intravenous access (DIVA). Despite this, the majority of the studies demonstrated high first attempt and overall success rates for PIVA performed by non-physicians. CONCLUSION: Non-physician USGPIVA appears to be a superior method for PIVA when difficulty is anticipated. Additional benefits include reduced requirement for central venous catheter (CVC) or intraosseous (IO) needle placement. Paramedics, nurses, and emergency department (ED) technicians are able to achieve competence in this skill with relatively little training. Further research is required to explore the utility of this practice in the out-of-hospital environment.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound by Intensive Care Paramedics to Assess Respiratory Distress in the Out-of-Hospital Environment: A Pilot Study

  Prehospital Emergency Care · 2022-07-27 · 16 citations

  article

  BACKGROUND: Respiratory distress is a common presentation attended by paramedics. Chest auscultation has been shown to have low accuracy for diagnosing respiratory complaints, and this can lead to inaccurate patient assessment and potentially poor patient outcomes. Conversely, lung ultrasound is a relatively simple exam allowing for rapid differentiation of respiratory complaints with comparable accuracy to more advanced imaging modalities. Evidence suggests that lung ultrasound is easy to learn and apply and could be ideal for assessment of respiratory illness by paramedics. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the utility of out-of-hospital lung ultrasound performed by intensive care paramedics (ICP) for patients with medical causes of respiratory distress, and explore whether the use of lung ultrasound affects the ICP's clinical impression or management. METHODS: This was a prospective observational pilot study. After a training program, a sample of ICPs working in metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia used ultrasound to assess adult patients with respiratory distress and/or dyspnea. ICPs used a handheld point-of-care ultrasound device to scan respiratory patients using a modified protocol, and completed a worksheet with their scan findings. The scans were then reviewed by a subject matter expert for quality and agreement. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were enrolled over the study period. The average image quality score was 2.68/5, and 56% of scans were of interpretable quality. Interrater agreement (between the ICPs and the subject matter expert) was reported using Cohen's kappa. Moderate overall agreement (0.44) was shown, with the highest reliability reported in A-profile and B-profile (0.49 and 0.57). In 42% of cases performance of the scan affected paramedic clinical impression and/or management. CONCLUSION: ICPs can perform lung ultrasound with moderate accuracy for some respiratory conditions, and the scans may affect clinical impression and management. Future research should focus on enhanced education, expert feedback, and clinical outcomes.

  PublisherDOI

• Use of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by intensive care paramedics to achieve peripheral intravenous access in patients predicted to be difficult: An out-of-hospital pilot study

  Australasian Emergency Care · 2022-10-25 · 33 citations

  article
  PublisherDOI

• Withaferin A Inhibits Neutrophil Adhesion, Migration, and Respiratory Burst and Promotes Timely Neutrophil Apoptosis

  Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 2022-06-17 · 5 citations

  articleOpen accessSenior author

  Neutrophils play a major role in many equine conditions, including equine asthma, laminitis, and intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury, and therefore represent an attractive target for innovative therapeutic approaches. Novel strategies for reducing neutrophilic inflammation include modulation of neutrophil functions and lifespan. Withaferin A (WFA) is a phytochemical with well-established in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties, but its direct effects on neutrophils are largely unknown. We hypothesized that WFA would inhibit adhesion, migration, and respiratory burst by equine neutrophils and promote timely apoptosis of primed equine neutrophils. Consistent with this hypothesis, our data show that WFA causes a significant, concentration-dependent inhibition of equine neutrophil adhesion, migration, and respiratory burst in response to diverse stimuli. Further, WFA treatment increased apoptosis of equine neutrophils exposed to GM-CSF for 24 h. This pro-apoptotic effect of WFA was not observed in unprimed neutrophils, nor at the 2-h time point relevant to our functional neutrophil experiments. Our data demonstrate that WFA may reduce neutrophil-mediated inflammation through multiple mechanisms, including suppression of inflammatory responses and promotion of apoptosis. Additional research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for these effects and evaluate the potential clinical use of WFA in veterinary and human patients.

  PublisherDOI

• Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound by Non-Physicians to Assess Respiratory Distress in the Out-of-Hospital Environment: A Scoping Review

  Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · 2022-05-04 · 36 citations

  reviewOpen access

  BACKGROUND: The use of ultrasound in the out-of-hospital environment is increasingly feasible. The potential uses for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) by paramedics are many, but have historically been limited to traumatic indications. This study utilized a scoping review methodology to map the evidence for the use of POCUS by paramedics to assess respiratory distress and to gain a broader understanding of the topic. METHODS: Databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, and PUBMED were searched from January 1, 1990 through April 14, 2021. Google Scholar was searched, and reference lists of relevant papers were examined to identify additional studies. Articles were included if they reported on out-of-hospital POCUS performed by non-physicians for non-traumatic respiratory distress. RESULTS: A total of 591 unique articles were identified, of which seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles reported various different scan protocols and, with one exception, suffered from low enrolments and low participation. Most articles reported that non-physician-performed ultrasound was feasible. Articles reported moderate to high levels of agreement between paramedics and expert reviewers for scan interpretation in most studies. CONCLUSION: Paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) have demonstrated the feasibility of lung ultrasound in the out-of-hospital environment. Further research should investigate the utility of standardized education and scanning protocols in paramedic-performed lung ultrasound for the differentiation of respiratory distress and the implications for patient outcomes.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Global Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Alliance: development of an international consumer and community involvement framework

  Research Involvement and Engagement · 2020-08-10 · 13 citations

  articleOpen access

  BACKGROUND: The goal of the Global Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum (HiPPP) Alliance, comprising consumers and leading international multidisciplinary academics and clinicians, is to generate research and translation priorities and build international collaboration around healthy lifestyle and obesity prevention among women across the reproductive years. In doing so, we actively seek to involve consumers in research, implementation and translation initiatives. There are limited frameworks specifically designed to involve women across the key obesity prevention windows before (preconception), during and after pregnancy (postpartum). The aim of this paper is to outline our strategy for the development of the HiPPP Consumer and Community (CCI) Framework, with consumers as central to co-designed, co-implemented and co-disseminated research and translation. METHOD: The development of the framework involved three phases: In Phase 1, 21 Global HiPPP Alliance members participated in a CCI workshop to propose and discuss values and approaches for framework development; Phase 2 comprised a search of peer-reviewed and grey literature for existing CCI frameworks and resources; and Phase 3 entailed collaboration with consumers (i.e., members of the public with lived experience of weight/lifestyle issues in preconception, pregnancy and postpartum) and international CCI experts to workshop and refine the HiPPP CCI Framework (guided by Phases 1 and 2). RESULTS: The HiPPP CCI Framework's values and approaches identified in Phases 1-2 and further refined in Phase 3 were summarized under the following five key principles: 1. Inclusive, 2. Flexible, 3. Transparent, 4. Equitable, and 5. Adaptable. The HiPPP Framework describes values and approaches for involving consumers in research initiatives from design to translation that focus on improving healthy lifestyles and preventing obesity specifically before, during and after pregnancy; importantly it takes into consideration common barriers to partnering in obesity research during perinatal life stages, such as limited availability associated with family caregiving responsibilities. CONCLUSION: The HiPPP CCI Framework aims to describe approaches for implementing meaningful CCI initiatives with women in preconception, pregnancy and postpartum periods. Evaluation of the framework is now needed to understand how effective it is in facilitating meaningful involvement for consumers, researchers and clinicians, and its impact on research to improve healthy lifestyle outcomes.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Global Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Alliance: Development of an International Consumer and Community Involvement Framework.

  Research Square · 2020-06-29 · 1 citations

  preprintOpen access
  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Contributors

  Elsevier eBooks · 2020

  • Sociology
  • Sociology
  PublisherDOI

Recent grants

• Comparative Medicine and Translational Research Training Program

  NIH · $5.7M · 2008–2028

• Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Training Program

  NIH · $103k · 2009–2014

• Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Training Program

  NIH · $951k · 2009–2029

• Comparative Medicine and Translational Research Training Program

  NIH · $1.1M · 2008–2013

• NIH Grant K11AI001275

  NIH · $262k · 1998

Frequent coauthors

• Anthony T. Blikslager

  North Carolina State University

  30 shared

• Samuel O. Burton

  Monash University

  16 shared

• Ben Meadley

  Ambulance Victoria

  16 shared

• Helen Skouteris

  Monash University

  16 shared

• Jake K. Donovan

  Ambulance Victoria

  16 shared

• Jo‐Anna B. Baxter

  University of Toronto

  15 shared

• Magdalena Skrybant

  University of Birmingham

  14 shared

• Jennifer L. Davis

  Virginia–Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine

  13 shared

Education

• PhD, Immunology

  Washington University in St. Louis

  1997

• DVM, Veterinary Medicine

  The University of Tennessee Knoxville

  1988

• MS, Physiology

  The Pennsylvania State University

  1985

• BS, Chemistry

  Bucknell University

  1983

Awards & honors

• Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine