Reducing hydrophobic drug adsorption in an in-vitro extracorporeal membrane oxygenation model

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · 2024 · 1 citations

• Chemistry
• Chromatography
• Pharmacology

Direct and continuous dosing of propofol can saturate <i>Ex vivo</i> ECMO circuit to improve propofol recovery

Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology · 2023 · 6 citations

• Medicine
• Anesthesia
• Pharmacology

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cardiopulmonary bypass device that provides life-saving complete respiratory and cardiac support in patients with cardiorespiratory failure. The majority of drugs prescribed to patients on ECMO lack a dosing strategy optimized for ECMO patients. Several studies demonstrated that dosing is different in this population because the ECMO circuit components can adsorb drugs and affect drug exposure substantially. Saturation of ECMO circuit components by drug disposition has been posited but has not been proven. In this study, we have attempted to determine if propofol adsorption is saturable in ex vivo ECMO circuits. METHODS: We injected ex vivo ECMO circuits with propofol, a drug that is highly adsorbed to the ECMO circuit components. Propofol was injected as a bolus dose (50 μg/mL) and a continuous infusion dose (6 mg/h) to investigate the saturation of the ECMO circuit. RESULTS: After the bolus dose, only 27% of propofol was recovered after 30 minutes which is as expected. However, >80% propofol was recovered after the infusion dose which persisted even when the infusion dose was discontinued. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that if ECMO circuits are dosed directly with propofol, drug adsorption can be eliminated as a cause for altered drug exposure. Field of Research: Artificial Lung/ECMO.

Micellar Encapsulation of Propofol Reduces its Adsorption on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator (ECMO) Circuit

The AAPS Journal · 2023 · 8 citations

• Chromatography
• Anesthesia
• Medicine

Impact of wind turbines On ATC radars and mitigation results

2013-04-01 · 4 citations

This paper first describes the impact of wind turbines on air traffic control (ATC) radar based on theoretical modeling and simulation. Real data are collected from operational ATC radar sites surrounded by major wind farms and analyzed to demonstrate features of wind turbine signals. A series of systematic mitigation methods are proposed and implemented for the existing ATC radar to improve the aircraft detection and tracking performance over the wind farm area. The experimental results from field trials are presented to verify the effectiveness of each method.

Advanced mitigating techniques to remove the effects of wind turbines and wind farms on primary surveillance radars

2008-05-01 · 29 citations

In the past decade many countries have launched programs to deploy wind turbines as alternative sources of electrical energy. When deployed in wind farms this technology has raised concerns from both air traffic control (ATC) and military authorities. This is due to the fact that the turbine blades return radar echoes that have the potential to distract and confuse the air traffic picture by creating false detections that can effectively mask genuine aircraft returns. Most of the mitigation solutions offered today are either primarily based on such measures as range-azimuth gating or inhibiting track initiation in the vicinity of wind farms. These draconian measures can result in a significant degradation in radar performance and potential air traffic control disruption. They may also require costly redesign of the existing radars. This paper presents a set of 'clean' solutions that mitigate, and in some cases completely eliminate the effect of wind turbine returns. The solution is based on the combination of discrimination techniques applied at the pre-detection, detection and post detection stages of the radar signal processing chain. The suit of mitigation solutions developed does not adversely affect aircraft detection, and can be readily retrofitted to the existing ATC primary surveillance radars (PSR).