Not Even Remotely Close: How Co‐Location Imbalance Affects Subgroup Formation in Hybrid Teams

Journal of Organizational Behavior · 2025-03-06 · 4 citations

ABSTRACT Despite the substantial proliferation of hybrid work, little has been done to reconcile extant individual‐ and team‐level perspectives. This is problematic because it does not acknowledge how individuals' hybrid work practices constrain team‐level interactions and subsequent outcomes. Specifically, the extant literature does not yet capture the complex configurations that result from team members alternating between co‐located and remote forms of collaboration and how these may provoke the formation of subgroups within the team. In this conceptual paper, we introduce the construct co‐location imbalance , which we define as the disparity in co‐location between different combinations of team members, as a way of capturing geographic configurations in hybrid teams. Through illustrative hybrid teamwork archetypes, we demonstrate the meaning and implications of co‐location imbalance on subgroup formation. We then map out a nomological network surrounding co‐location imbalance and derive testable propositions on its temporal dynamics and antecedents. Our paper concludes with a discussion of our research's theoretical and practical contributions and directions to advance future research on hybrid teamwork.

Customer Portfolio Management

The MIT Press eBooks · 2025-03-18 · 1 citations

How to create value with all the customers in a portfolio, from the stronger relationships that increase profit margins to the weaker relationships that increase scale. Which would you rather have: a smaller, watertight bucket of loyal customers or a larger leaky bucket of both loyal and not-so-loyal customers? In Customer Portfolio Management, Fred Selnes and Michael Johnson argue that for most companies and organizations the larger leaky bucket is more valuable. While loyal customers are generally more profitable, the weaker, or “leaky,” relationships in a portfolio provide scale economies and a source of future loyal customers. The basic principle behind customer portfolio management (CPM), they explain, is to view a company's market strategies as long-term investments in the strength of relationships over an entire portfolio of current and future customers. This book helps business leaders understand when and how much to focus on acquiring customers, how to defend and leverage those relationships, and how to convert some of these relationships into stronger, more profitable ones. The authors present an implementable framework for CPM that involves: • segmenting customers into strangers, acquaintances, friends and partners; • understanding the lifetime value, or revenues and costs over time, across relationship segments; and • determining when and how much to invest in customer acquisition, relationship defense, relationship leverage, and relationship conversion. Case studies and examples that include Amazon, Apple, IKEA, and dozens of other companies are used along the way to illustrate effective portfolio management principles and growth strategies.

Evaluating transparency in AI/ML model characteristics for FDA-reviewed medical devices

npj Digital Medicine · 2025-11-17 · 14 citations

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into medical devices has underscored the need for transparency in regulatory reporting. In 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued Good Machine Learning Practice (GMLP) principles, but adherence in FDA-reviewed devices remains uncertain. We reviewed 1,012 summaries of safety and effectiveness (SSEDs) for AI/ML-enabled devices approved or cleared by the FDA between 1970 and December 2024. Transparency in model development and performance was assessed using a novel AI Characteristics Transparency Reporting (ACTR) score across 17 categories. The average ACTR score was 3.3 out of 17, with modest improvement by 0.88 points (95% CI, 0.54-1.23) after the 2021 guidelines. Nearly half of devices did not report a clinical study and over half did not report any performance metric. These findings highlight transparency gaps and emphasize the need for enforceable standards to ensure trust in AI/ML medical technologies.

The Path Forward in Global Work: Examining and Leveraging Dynamics in Cross-Cultural Collaboration

Academy of Management Proceedings · 2025-07-01

While past research places heavier emphasis on comparing differences among cultures, this symposium explores the dynamics arising from interactions among different cultures and sheds light on their implications for organizations increasingly engaged in global work. Across a series of studies, the papers in our symposium show that the dynamics in cross-cultural interaction are influenced by various factors across different levels of analysis. Additionally, we find that the barriers posed by cross-cultural may be lessened if organizations implement effective communication strategies. Together, this research provides nuance to cross-cultural interactions and suggests a path forward for how organizations may leverage diverse cultural perspectives presented by cross-cultural collaborations in global work. A Conceptual Model of Organizational Identification Mechanism in Global Virtual Teams Author: Juana Du; Royal Roads University Author: Michael Johnson; University of Washington Trading Places, Talking Points: How Language Bridges Racioethnic Divides Author: Sheen S. Levine; The University of Texas at Dallas Author: Simon Siegenthaler; The University of Texas at Dallas Author: Bart J. Wilson; Chapman University The Authenticity-Assimilation Dilemma: Navigating Identity Work in Leadership Roles Author: Yvonne Lardner; University of Cambridge Navigating Multilevel Dynamics in Global Virtual Work: An Examination of Cross-Cultural Encounters Author: Megan Chan; Stockholm School of Economics Author: Sandra Cha; Brandeis University

Emotional Signaling: How Helpers’ Emotional Expressions Affect Attributions of Motives, Relationship Quality, and Reciprocation

Academy of Management Journal · 2025-05-08 · 2 citations

Research has shown that interpersonal helping offers many social benefits for the helper, yet these social benefits depend on the recipients’ responses. Whether helping is perceived favorably by recipients depends on the underlying motives they attribute to the helper, which raises the questions of when and how recipients may attribute different motives to helping. To explain when and how those receiving help make these attributions, we adopt a social-functional approach to emotions to examine the impact of the social information conveyed through discrete emotional expressions. We draw on the framework of emotions as social information to theorize that the helper’s emotional expressions act as signals of social engagement or disengagement that differentially impact the recipient’s attribution of motives and reactions to help. Across three studies, we find that helpers’ expressions of socially engaging emotions (gratitude and sympathy) lead to greater attributions of prosocial motives, whereas expressions of socially disengaging emotions (pride and contempt) lead to greater attributions of instrumental motives. We find that the effect of these expressed emotions on relationship quality and reciprocation toward the helper is mediated by the recipient’s attribution of prosocial motives but not by the attribution of instrumental motives.

A Paradigm for AI Consciousness

Seeds of Science · 2024-06-01

How can we create a container for knowledge about AI consciousness? This work introduces a new framework based on physicalism, decoherence, and symmetry. Major arguments include (1) atoms are a more sturdy ontology for grounding consciousness than bits, (2) Wolfram’s ‘branchial space’ is where an object’s true shape lives, (3) electromagnetism is a good proxy for branchial shape, (4) brains and computers have significantly different shapes in branchial space, (5) symmetry considerations will strongly inform a future science of consciousness, and (6) computational efficiency considerations may broadly hedge against “s-risk”.

The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Stakeholders in Different Business Contexts

Journal of Service Research · 2023-10-17 · 30 citations

The authors explore two important topics related to this special issue. One is how corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities impacts stakeholders, more specifically customers and shareholders/investors. Second is understanding customer recognition and demand for CSR activities. Insight into these topics is gained through the study of contextual differences in this value creation. Previous studies suggest that two important contextual differences have the potential to impact CSR-based value creation, the product versus service nature of the firm and whether the firm operates primarily in a business-to-business (B2B) versus business-to-consumer (B2C) channel. The lower innovative capabilities of service firms and the relative intangibility of services should hamper the impact of CSR activities in service versus product contexts. The impact should be higher, however, in a B2B versus B2C context based on the need for greater organizational alignment, adaptation, and relationship-specific investments. Results from a large-scale secondary dataset reinforce prior findings that CSR activities influence firm value through customer satisfaction. Moreover, the results reveal that this effect is weaker for service (vs. product) firms and stronger for B2B (vs. B2C) firms. The findings offer important implications for marketing theory and practice.

Verdicts, Elections, and Counterterrorism: When Teams Take Unofficial Votes

Academy of Management Discoveries · 2022-09-28 · 3 citations

When groups make decisions, they often take preliminary, unofficial votes (straw polls) to see which option the members initially prefer. Does their method of voting matter? We ran an experiment in which 93 groups simulated counterterrorism pursuit teams and had to determine which of three suspects represented the greatest threat. Groups that used “multi-voting” in their unofficial votes—whereby members had multiple votes to distribute across options—were 50% more likely to choose the correct suspect than groups that used plurality or ranked-choice voting. This was because the members of the multi-voting groups were more likely to identify the correct suspect even before their team discussion. In this article, we look at various voting methods used for presidential elections, Hugo Award winners, and American Idol contestants. We show how different voting methods can lead to entirely different results and provide initial evidence that multi-voting may be a superior method for group decision-making.

We Second that Emotion: Collective Affect in Organizations

Academy of Management Proceedings · 2021-07-26

Emotions are pervasive in organizations. A recent line of inquiry notes that emotions rarely occur independent of a social context. Indeed, social forces profoundly influence how we feel, the emotions we display and the feelings we know are appropriate to express in a given context. Altogether, research indicates that shared affect influences critical outcomes for employees and clients within and beyond the workplace. This symposium seeks to expand scholarship on the myriad ways that collective emotion influences employee behavior in the workplace. In particular, the papers in this symposium address an understudied aspect of collective emotion: how contextual factors influence the development of collective emotion and its subsequent behavioral effects. The Emotional Dynamics of Teams Dealing with Crisis Situations Presenter: Marzieh Saghafian; Stanford U. Paying respect to non-essential workers too: Positive Emotional Culture during the COVID19 Pandemic Presenter: Niranjan Srinivasan Janardhanan; London School of Economics Presenter: Uta K. Bindl; King's College London Presenter: Chris Stride; U. of Sheffield Are Text-Based Linguistic Emotional Displays More Contagious from a Peer than a Manager? Presenter: Aimee Kane; Duquesne U. Presenter: Lyn M Van Swol; - The Power of the Public Slap: Organizational Shaming and the Witnessing Effect Presenter: Giselle Elaine Antoine; U. of Washington, Seattle Presenter: Michael Johnson; U. of Washington Responding to the Emotions of Others at Work: A Review and Integrative Theoretical Framework Presenter: Lindred L. Greer; U. of Michigan, Ross School of Business Presenter: Christina Bradley; U. of Michigan, Ross School of Business Presenter: Jeffrey Sanchez-Burks; U. of Michigan

Toward a Configural Theory of Job Demands and Resources

Academy of Management Journal · 2021-10-01 · 105 citations

Job demands-resources research has largely adopted a variable-centered approach to test main and interactive effects of demands and resources on employee outcomes. However, this approach cannot det...