Spinal Hsp90 Inhibition Augments Opioid-Induced Antinociception via Upregulation of GAT-2 Expression and GABA Reuptake (Abstract ID: 164345)

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · 2025-03-01

Rapid On-Site Histopathological Analysis of Kidney Biopsy With Dynamic Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography

Kidney International Reports · 2025-02-06 · 2 citations

Introduction: Kidney histology preparation requires a multistep process that is usually responsible for delayed results. This study introduces dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography (D-FF-OCT) as a label-free alternative to overcome the limitations of traditional histopathology for on-site kidney pathology assessment. Methods: Two patient cohorts were considered, with a total of 31 patients included in the study; one cohort involved patients requiring biopsy of transplant kidney, and the other involved patients requiring biopsy of native kidney. The clinical and biological data were prospectively collected. Histopathological analysis of kidney biopsies was conducted using both conventional stains and dynamic D-FF-OCT imaging. Results: < 0.001). Although many lesions could be identified such as interstitial inflammation, acute tubular necrosis, glomerular crescents, and vascular intimal thickening; other recognitions such as glomerular membranous deposits, vascular amyloidosis, and peritubular capillaritis will require confirmation in larger cohorts. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of D-FF-OCT imaging for on-site analysis of kidney biopsies, providing rapid and high-resolution images without extensive sample preparation.

Anti-CV2/CRMP5 autoantibodies as drivers of sensory neuron excitability and pain in rats

Nature Communications · 2025-08-07 · 5 citations

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes arise from autoimmune reactions against nervous system antigens due to a maladaptive immune response to a peripheral cancer. Patients with small cell lung carcinoma or malignant thymoma can develop an autoimmune response against the CV2/collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) antigen, with approximately 80% of these patients experiencing painful neuropathies. Here we investigate the mechanisms underlying anti-CV2/CRMP5 autoantibodies (CV2/CRMP5-Abs)-related pain and find that patient-derived CV2/CRMP5-Abs bind to their target on rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and superficial laminae of the spinal cord, to induce DRG neuron hyperexcitability and mechanical hypersensitivity. These effects from patient-derived Abs are recapitulated in rats immunized with a DNA vaccine for CRMP5, in which therapeutic treatment with anti-CD20 depleting B cells ameliorates autoimmunity and neuropathy. Our data thus reveal a mechanism of neuropathic pain in patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and implicates CV2/CRMP5-Abs as a potential target for treating paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Lung and thymoma cancer patients often suffer from autoimmunity and related painful neuropathies. Here the authors show that patient-derived anti-CRMP5 autoantibody binds to rat dorsal root ganglia to cause pain, that immunizing rats with CRMP5 recapitulates these phenotypes, and that depleting rat B cells with anti-CD20 ameliorates related symptoms.

Performance assessment of ChatGPT 4, ChatGPT 3.5, Gemini Advanced Pro 1.5 and Bard 2.0 to problem solving in pathology in French language

Digital Health · 2025-01-01 · 2 citations

Digital teaching diversifies the ways of knowledge assessment, as natural language processing offers the possibility of answering questions posed by students and teachers. Objective: This study evaluated ChatGPT's, Bard's and Gemini's performances on second year of medical studies' (DFGSM2) Pathology exams from the Health Sciences Center of Dijon (France) in 2018-2022. Methods: From 2018 to 2022, exam scores, discriminating powers and discordance rates were retrieved. Seventy questions (25 first-order single response questions and 45 second-order multiple response questions) were submitted on May 2023 to ChatGPT 3.5 and Bard 2.0, and on September 2024 to Gemini 1.5 and ChatGPT-4. Chatbot's and student's average scores were compared, as well as discriminating powers of questions answered by chatbots. The percentage of student-chatbot identical answers was retrieved, and linear regression analysis correlated the scores of chatbots with student's discordance rates. Chatbot's reliability was assessed by submitting the questions in four successive rounds and comparing score variability using a Fleiss' Kappa and a Cohen's Kappa. Results: Newer chatbots outperformed both students and older chatbots as for the overall scores and multiple-response questions. All chatbots outperformed students on less discriminating questions. Oppositely, all chatbots were outperformed by students to questions with a high discriminating power. Chatbot's scores were correlated to student discordance rates. ChatGPT 4 and Gemini 1.5 provided variable answers, due to effects linked to prompt engineering. Conclusion: Our study in line with the literature confirms chatbot's moderate performance for questions requiring complex reasoning, with ChatGPT outperforming Google chatbots. The use of NLP software based on distributional semantics remains a challenge for the generation of questions in French. Drawbacks to the use of NLP software in generating questions include the generation of hallucinations and erroneous medical knowledge which have to be taken into count when using NLP software in medical education.

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management

Journal of Visualized Experiments · 2025-03-28 · 1 citations

Despite extensive research and the identification of numerous analgesic targets, the range of pharmacological treatments available for pain remains limited. However, a potential paradigm shift could introduce a new wave of non-pharmacological pain treatments with remarkable safety, efficacy, and tolerability. One promising area of investigation is photoneuromodulation using green light-emitting diodes (GLED, 525 nm), which have shown potential in alleviating pain in both acute and chronic conditions, leading to numerous preclinical and clinical studies exploring the efficacy of this therapy. These research projects have demonstrated how exposure to GLED enhances the activity of the endogenous opioid system in the brain and spinal cord after M-cone activation in the retina. The findings suggest that GLED may alleviate pain by modulating the descending pain pathway. In light of the compelling effects of GLED, the proliferation of photoneuromodulation investigations underscores the importance of establishing consistency in well-defined and standardized exposure protocols for preclinical and clinical trials. In preclinical studies, beneficial effects have been observed following a minimum of 2 days of exposure, with protocols involving 8 h of light at 100 lux during the 12 h light phase. In clinical trials, exposure protocols are tailored to the specific pathology under investigation. Exposure for 15 min has proven favorable in the modulation of acute post-surgical pain. For modulation of chronic pain, patients are instructed to use GLED at home for 1 to 2 h a day over 10 weeks. This article details preclinical and clinical protocols to improve reproducibility and consistency in the different studies evaluating photoneuromodulation benefits. By establishing these standardized protocols, this work aims to advance the clinical translation of GLED phototherapy as a viable non-pharmacological treatment for pain.

“The cultural war is declared”: The Front National’s cultural policy and the resistance it provoked in France between 1995 and 2002

Journal of Contemporary European Studies · 2025-10-16

Infecciones bacterianas cutáneas superficiales foliculares y no foliculares

EMC - Dermatología · 2025-08-13

A GORTEC survey on low-risk CTV-P2 delineation in head and neck cancers

Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology · 2025-05-20

Purpose: An international consensus was established in 2018 to standardise practice using geometric (5 + 5 mm) expansion around GTV-P for definitive radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNC). The GORTEC (French HNC Oncology and Radiotherapy Group) conducted a survey to assess the level of agreement about CTV-P2 delineation using a "formalised consensus method". Methods: The 32 proposals of the 2018 consensus on CTV-P2 and 6 additional GORTEC proposals were submitted to 13 GORTEC radiation oncologists (RO). Proposals were rated as "suitable" for median scores ≥7, "unsuitable" for scores ≤3.5 or "uncertain." The degree of agreement was high (≥85 %), moderate (75-84 %) or low (<75 %). Suitable proposals were reviewed by 40 other RO for final recommendations. Results: The 2018 proposals were "uncertain" with low degrees of agreement (41.5-69 %), except for T1 tumors, which had 89 % agreement. Five out of 6 GORTEC proposals were "suitable" and one "uncertain." The final recommendation was "suitable and to be retained" by 97.5 % of RO, as follows: To obtain CTV-P2, GORTEC recommends applying a "geo-anatomical" approach. Using the geometric concept, 10 mm-isotropic margins are applied to the GTV, for all locations but the hypopharynx (10 mm antero-posterior, laterally and 15 mm craniocaudally). CTV-P2 is further modified using the anatomical concept (anatomical barriers, dissemination routes) and accounting the benefit/risk balance and proximity of organs at risk. Conclusion: The GORTEC survey derived from the 2018 international CTV-Ps delineation consensus suggests a "geo-anatomical" approach for the delineation of CTV-P2 in HNC.

Quelques réflexions sur la notion de « tournant culturel » dans les sciences humaines et sociales occidentales depuis les années 1970

Revue d histoire culturelle · 2025-01-01

L’article interroge la notion de « tournant culturel » dans les sciences humaines et sociales, une notion très usitée des années 1980 à 2000 dans (au moins) trois pays, la France, le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis. Dans quel(s) contexte(s) intellectuel(s) est apparue cette notion, que signifie-t-elle, quels sont les auteurs et les textes majeurs où on peut la repérer, quelles résistances et réactions a-t-elle suscitées ? C'est ce que cet article tente de préciser, d’abord de façon générale puis en se focalisant sur deux disciplines dans lesquelles l’usage de cette notion a été particulièrement important, la géographie et les relations internationales. L’article formule l’hypothèse que la culture a fonctionné comme un opérateur de traduction entre des disciplines, des spécialités et des traditions savantes nationales.