About

Javit Drake is an Associate Professor of the Practice in the Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT. His research focuses on chemical engineering practices, and he is involved in the Practice School, which emphasizes real-world engineering education and professional development. As a faculty member, he contributes to the department's mission of integrating practical engineering experience with academic learning, supporting students and postdoctoral associates in their professional growth.

Research topics

• Materials science
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Engineering
• Thermodynamics
• Chemical engineering
• Computer Science
• Mechanics
• Nuclear engineering
• Electrical engineering
• Meteorology
• Environmental science
• Psychology
• Physical chemistry
• Inorganic chemistry

Selected publications

• Evaluating Lab-Scale Green Hydrogen Research Against the $1/Kg Target

  ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2025-11-24

  article

  Green Hydrogen produced via electrolysis may ultimately account for over 70% of Hydrogen demand (~327 Mt/yr) in the IEA Net-Zero by 2050 scenario [1]. While the exact market share may change with recent advances in geologically stimulated hydrogen production (orange hydrogen), lowering the cost of electrolysis could help the deep decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors of our energy economy. At $2/kg H 2 ($0.06/kWh LHV) hydrogen could serve as an economical alternative fuel for long-haul trucking and feedstock for the ethanol and biofuels sector; while at the US Department of Energy’s (DoE) 2030 target of $1/kg H 2 ($0.03/kWh LHV) it would be poised to decarbonize the production of steel, cement, and ammonia, fuels for shipping and aviation, and industrial heat and power [2]. However, developing accurate estimates for the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) from lab-scale results is difficult because it requires estimating contingent and variable costs (including siting and permitting, material costs, labor, electricity, depreciation, and tax incentives); these are highly dependent on economic and geopolitical factors, leading to a significant amount of extrapolation by researchers. While science focuses on technical targets such as Faradaic and energy efficiency, degradation rate, and current density as objective metrics, it’s important to clarify how these values directly affect LCOH. Here, we present a breakdown of how key performance metrics numerically translate to LCOH and develop a method for researchers to compare lab cell performance to the $1/kg H 2 target. We perform a sensitivity analysis on the H2A and H2A-Lite models developed by the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) to determine the relative contributions of cell efficiency (kWh/kg), degradation rate (mV/kh), current density (A/cm 2 ), capital cost ($/kW), and total Platinum (Pt) group metal content (mg/cm 2 ) to the LCOH while controlling for variable cost factors [3, 4]. Using these sensitivities, and the DoE’s technical targets for electrolysis, we develop a simplified metric, called the Performance Norm (N p ), as a measure of distance from the $1/kg H 2 target. We show how researchers can use the Performance Norm to (1) prioritize cell characteristics that will lead to more significant cost reduction at scale; (2) compare mechanically and technologically dissimilar cells; and (3) identify combinations of cell characteristics, beyond DoE technical targets, that could achieve low-cost green hydrogen production [5]. We compare this new indicator to existing metrics on multiple cells and stacks to show how a weighted, multivariate index provides a more tractable picture of an electrolysis system’s potential to achieve the $1/kg H 2 target. References [1] IEA (2019), The Future of Hydrogen , IEA, Paris, Licence: CC BY 4.0 [2] U.S. Department of Energy (2023). U.S. National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap . [3] National Renewable Energy Laboratory (2008). H2A Production Model . [4] National Renewable Energy Laboratory (2017). H2A-Lite: Hydrogen Analysis Lite Production Model . [5] U.S. Department of Energy (2020). Electrolysis technical targets . Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office.

  PublisherDOI

• <i>(Invited)</i> A Distinct, Multimodal Electrochemical Energy Course – One Teaching Mode Does Not Fit All

  ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2025-11-24

  article1st authorCorresponding

  The relevance of batteries and fuel cells, the desire for real-world application of fundamental concepts, and the effectiveness of multimodal teaching provide motivation for electrochemical energy instruction through a multi-faceted approach. Academic institution, student, and popular interest in electrochemical energy has risen with the widespread use of batteries in portable electronic devices, commercially available zero emission vehicles, and emerging stationary residential and grid scale applications. Also, students seek and value a connection between core chemical science and engineering fundamentals and real-world applications. Furthermore, multimodal instruction practices that promote visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and reading/writing/derivation-based engagement have demonstrated effectiveness in teaching scientific concepts. 1 Considering the described motivational factors, this author created a distinct introductory electrochemical energy course for advanced undergraduates and graduate students that spans from fundamental electrochemical concepts to practical cell output. The students undertake theory, experimentation, numerical simulation, and written and oral communication through visual, auditory, writing/derivation, and physical hands-on experiences. The course begins with introductory motivation followed by lectures, reading, 2 and assignments that use mathematical derivations of porous electrode theory and Butler-Volmer charge-transfer kinetics. Next, a laboratory course component involves enlightening experiments with electrolysis and fuel cells. Reversible H 2 cells and direct methanol fuel cells transparently bring to life the principles of faradaic and energetic conversion between fuels and electrical output. Students then perform numerical-simulation-based battery optimization for a particular portable or stationary application. Through input parameter variation, students aim to improve tangible output metrics of operating voltage and runtime. The course culminates with student oral presentations of their optimization results and interpretations. Throughout the course, analogies and “kitchen logic” demonstrations build upon students’ intuition and chemical background to introduce electrochemical concepts. Outcomes of the multimodal approach are highly positive based on online evaluations, offline feedback, and subsequent student interest in electrochemical energy in academia and in industry, but there are limitations. The course receives high ratings for overall effectiveness and quality of instruction. Students find that at least one course component resonates with their learning style and reinforces other parts of the class. A limitation is the introductory nature of the course; the course does not cover certain hands-on topics, such as experimental electrochemical techniques, which are more suitable for dedicated classes, tutorials, and research. References: 1. T. Nikula, T. Jakonen, L. Kääntä, Learning and Instruction 92 101932 (2024). 2. J. Newman, K.E. Thomas-Alyea, Electrochemical Systems, 3rd ed., John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., Hoboken (2004).

  PublisherDOI

• Modeling of Lithium-Ion Convection Cell Effects on Reaction Distribution and Different Cathode Active Materials

  ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2024-08-09

  article1st authorCorresponding

  Li-ion batteries (LIBs) could play a substantial role in mitigating climate change if they become more widely adopted in transportation and stationary energy storage applications. Increasing this adoption requires improvement in both power density and energy density. At the cell level, this dual requirement calls for designs and active materials that overcome challenging trade-offs in nominal cell voltage, rate capability, and loaded capacity. In our previous research, 1,2 we simulated that a convection cell with liquid electrolyte flow, using LCO, can overcome the trade-offs by enhancing accessed capacity under high-rate operation. Electrolyte flow achieves this enhancement by effectively addressing both bulk electrolyte mass transfer and thermal limitations. The flow of electrolyte raises cell voltage by promoting a uniform Li + salt concentration and regulates temperature by removing heat and lowering heat-producing overpotentials. In our current work, we extend our macrohomogeneous modeling analysis of a Li-ion convection cell to explore the impact of concentration uniformity on charge-transfer reaction distribution and the flexibility of this approach to work with different active materials. Concentration uniformity evens the reaction distribution, facilitating spatially consistent and full utilization of the active material in the electrodes. Additionally, the use of flow enables the cell to maintain rate capability across various electrode thicknesses and areal capacity loadings. At high C rates, a convection cell with flow exhibits significantly higher output capacity than a closed cell without flow. The degree of increase in running voltage and delivered capacity depends on the choice of positive electrode active material—LFP, LCO, NCA, NMC, or LMO. Finally, simulations of net power density and net energy density account for pumping energy loss across the cell. The improvement in net energy density with flow becomes substantial at high power density. W. Gao, M.J. Orella, T.J. Carney, Y. Román-Leshkov, J. Drake, F.R. Brushett, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 167 , 140551 (2020). W. Gao, J. Drake, F.R. Brushett, J. Electrochem. Soc. 170 , 090508 (2023).

  PublisherDOI

• Modeling the Impact of Additional Electrolyte on Lithium-Ion Convection Cell Performance

  Meeting abstracts/Meeting abstracts (Electrochemical Society. CD-ROM) · 2024 · 1 citations

  • Computer Science
  • Materials science
  • Chemical engineering

  Addressing growing energy demands while balancing sustainability imperatives, environmental stewardship, and economic viability stands as a paramount global challenge. Electrochemical technologies, particularly lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), are pivotal in achieving deep decarbonization by facilitating the deployment of electric vehicles and ensuring the reliable delivery of renewable electricity. However, current LIBs fall short of the rigorous requirements for widespread adoption in these critical sectors, as well as in emerging areas such as long-haul trucking and electric vertical takeoff and landing vehicles (eVTOLs). 1,2 Breakthroughs in the science and engineering of LIBs are imperative to produce devices capable of delivering high performance without sacrificing safety and cost. In addition to traditional materials-focused approaches, the development of new battery cell architectures, including the integration of electrolyte flow, presents a promising avenue for advancing performance. Prior mathematical modeling has shown forced electrolyte convection can significantly improve heat and mass transfer within LIBs, enabling operation under conditions that challenge conventional formats (e.g., high-rate charge/discharge). 3,4 However, to exclude convoluting secondary effects, these studies simplify balance-of-plant systems which, in turn, may not fully describe practical operation. Specifically, these simulations use large electrolyte tanks which buffer against bulk concentration and temperature changes, aiding in the fundamental analyses. Notably, scaling under these conditions could potentially lead to cost-prohibitive and thus impractical systems. 5 In this presentation, we investigate the impact of additional electrolyte volume on the complex interplay between electrochemical performance enhancements, fluid dynamic losses, and economic incentives in a convection cell. Through physics-based electrochemical modeling, we demonstrate that electrolyte convection alone can alleviate mass transport limitations even under extreme discharge rates, obviating the need for added electrolyte. In contrast, we find that extra electrolyte is necessary as a heat sink to mitigate cell temperature rise. We extend these results to practical operating conditions, where we conduct a preliminary system-level energy analysis to evaluate the energetic penalties associated with scaling this new architecture. Our findings suggest there exists a narrow added electrolyte range that effectively reduces thermal transport limitations without significantly increasing the system weight and volume. We also construct an accompanying technoeconomic framework to estimate the associated cost tradeoffs, illustrating the disparity between energy-optimized and cost-optimized designs. Ultimately, this work represents an initial exploration into practical design and operation considerations for convection batteries, laying the groundwork for future application-specific investigations. References: (1) Fleming, K. L.; Brown, A. L.; Fulton, L.; Miller, M. Curr. Sustain. Energy Rep. 2021 , 8 (3), 180–188. (2) Dixit, M.; Bisht, A.; Essehli, R.; Amin, R.; Kweon, C.-B. M.; Belharouak, I. ACS Energy Lett. 2024 , 9 (3), 934–940. (3) Gao, W.; Orella, M. J.; Carney, T. J.; Román-Leshkov, Y.; Drake, J.; Brushett, F. R. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2020 , 167 (14), 140551. (4) Gao, W.; Drake, J.; Brushett, F. R. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2023 , 170 (9), 090508. (5) Schmuch, R.; Wagner, R.; Hörpel, G.; Placke, T.; Winter, M. Nat. Energy 2018 , 3 (4), 267–278.

  PublisherDOI

• Modeling Improved Li-Ion Cell Capacity through Suppression of Temperature with Internal Electrolyte Flow

  Meeting abstracts/Meeting abstracts (Electrochemical Society. CD-ROM) · 2023

  • Nuclear engineering
  • Environmental science
  • Materials science

  Lithium-ion cells are ubiquitous in portable electronic applications and are growing in popularity for electric vehicles including passenger cars. Yet, a dramatic reduction in global emissions to combat climate change calls for significantly broader adoption of carbon neutral technologies in electric vehicles and in stationary energy storage to complement variable renewable sources and growing electricity demand. 1 For lithium-ion batteries, a critical barrier to such broader adoption is the inability to sustain high rate while also accessing the full capacity of cells. In addition to mass transport effects, overheating commonly limits the duration of high-rate discharge or charge due to excessive heat generation and inadequate heat removal. Here, we provide a brief illustrative tutorial of these coupled effects in a pseudo two-dimensional electrochemical model and build on our previous modeling and dimensional analyses 2-4 of how internal electrolyte flow across Li-ion cells reduces both mass and thermal transport limitations. First, we describe the intentional and sudden onset of internal electrolyte convection to curb or to avert further temperature rise in a Li-ion cell during high-rate discharge. We examine two modes for introducing electrolyte flow: temperature-triggered (“reactive”) and discharge-rate triggered (“proactive”) modes. In the reactive case, flow is introduced in the simulation when a cell under high-rate discharge reaches a high safety cutoff temperature. In the proactive case, flow begins as the discharge rate is step changed from midrate to high rate. A practical application of proactive mode is that a battery thermal management system could be programmed to initiate electrolyte flow in anticipation of greater heat generation at a higher rate. Next, using the aforementioned continuum modeling with circulation through an external tank, we compare and contrast Li-ion cell thermal responses to the onset of flow in reactive mode versus in proactive mode. In both cases, the threshold flow rate (~ μm/s ) to suppress temperature rise agrees in order of magnitude with dimensionless group estimates reported in our previous work. 4 Namely, temperature rise is suppressed when the heat generation rate becomes lower than the heat removal rate. At the highest electrolyte flow rates simulated (&gt;&gt; μm /s) , the heat removal by internal electrolyte flow dominates, and the cell achieves nearly full discharge capacity without prematurely crossing temperature or voltage cutoffs. For low flow rates (&lt; μm /s) , the proactive and reactive cases show quantitatively different transient temperature trajectories due to the temperature dependences of heat generation and removal. Heat generation rate decreases with elevated cell temperature due to facile mass transfer and resultant concentration uniformity, optimal electrolyte conductivity, and ease of charge transfer kinetics. Also, heat removal using internal electrolyte flow becomes more effective with high cell temperature relative to ambient inlet temperature. Hence, the flow rate needed to cool a cell that has reached a high safety cutoff temperature (in reactive mode) is lower than the flow rate required to curb temperature rise in a cell just above ambient temperature (in proactive mode) as high-rate discharge starts. References 1. International Energy Agency (IEA), Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector, October 2021. 2. W. Gao, M. J. Orella, T. J. Carney, Y Román-Leshkov, J. Drake, and F. R. Brushett, J. Electrochem. Soc. 167 140551 (2020). 3. W. Gao, J. Drake, F.R. Brushett, 240 th Meeting of Electrochemical Society, (Digital) October 10-14, 2021. 4. W. Gao, J. Drake, F.R. Brushett, 242 nd Meeting of Electrochemical Society, Atlanta, Georgia, October 10, 2022.

  PublisherDOI

• Modeling the Impact of Electrolyte Flow on Heat Management in a Li-Ion Convection Cell

  Journal of The Electrochemical Society · 2023-07-26 · 2 citations

  articleOpen access

  In response to challenges in the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), we investigate the concept of circulating electrolyte through the porous electrodes and separator to facilitate effective, uniform, and real-time temperature regulation. We show, through physics-based electrothermal modeling and dimensional analysis of a single, planar LIB cell, that electrolyte convection can simultaneously draw heat from the cell and suppress heat generation from entropy change, charge-transfer, and ohmic losses, and that the cell temperature rise can be effectively mitigated when heat removal matches or exceeds heat generation. These findings distinguish internal convection from external surface cooling approaches used in conventional thermal management that often lead to a tradeoff between heat and mass transport. In a simulated exemplary 5.7-C case, a LIB cell with stationary electrolyte must stop discharging at only 54% of its capacity due to cell temperature rise to an upper threshold (325 K); with sufficient electrolyte flow (∼1 μ m s −1 for a single cell, or a residence time of ∼200 s), the cell can be maintained below 315 K while delivering 98% of its capacity. Finally, to illustrate the potential for dynamic temperature regulation, we simulate scenarios where cells already experiencing self-heating can instantly arrest temperature rise with the onset of convection.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Towards Efficient Thermal Management within Intercalation Batteries through Electrolyte Convection

  ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2022-10-09 · 1 citations

  article

  Ubiquitous in consumer electronics and emergent in transportation and stationary applications, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are the state-of-the-art energy storage technology due to their energy density, roundtrip efficiency, and cycle life. 1,2 While the past decade has seen a steady decline in battery price and concomitant increase in energy density due to a combination of materials development, manufacturing advances, and market scale, 3,4 current LIBs are still unable to meet the often incongruous power and energy requirements of newer applications (e.g., fast charging of energy-dense batteries). 5,6 In addition, these more extreme operating environments challenge battery longevity and safety, necessitating responsive balance-of-plant systems which include thermal management systems that control cell temperatures using heat transfer media. At elevated temperatures, accelerated solid-electrolyte interphase growth and component decomposition may lead to capacity/power fade, 7,8 and, in the worst cases, thermal runaway and hazardous releases. Within the battery cell, temperature gradients lead to non-uniform electrode reaction distribution, and subsequently reduced cell performance and cycle life. 8 Thus, typical LIB operating temperature ranges are constrained between 20 ℃ and 40 ℃, with minimal temperature differences across the cell. Most current thermal management systems rely on heat exchange through the surface or tab of the cell with a cooling media (air, liquid, phase-change materials, etc.). 9,10 While generally sufficient under many of today’s applications (low C-rates), this approach can be challenged by newer applications, such as those that require high power input/output (EV fast charging, electric aviation), or need large battery formats (stationary storage systems). In this presentation, we will describe a novel concept of thermal management through forced convection of the electrolyte through the porous electrodes and separator. By leveraging battery simulation and dimensional analysis, we demonstrate that: (1) electrolyte convection provides efficient heat removal capability by carrying the generated heat out of the cell through the flowing medium; (2) the elimination of electrolyte concentration gradient by flow, and the resulting smaller ohmic resistance, concentration and activation overpotentials, help prevent cell temperature rise through reduced heat generation rate. Compared to current thermal management systems, this approach offers several important potential advantages, including (1) reduced internal temperature gradient, (2) rapid response time to temperature regulation, (3) simplifications to manufacturing, and ultimately, and (4) reduced system costs and improved battery safety. References: Zubi, G. et al . Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 89 , 292–308 (2018). Blomgren, G. E. J. Electrochem. Soc. 164 , A5019–A5025 (2017). Nykvist, B. &amp; Nilsson, M. Nat. Clim. Change 5 , 329–332 (2015). Schmuch, R. et al . Nat. Energy 3 , 267–278 (2018). Ahmed, S. et al. J. Power Sources 367 , 250–262 (2017). Bills, A. et al . ACS Energy Lett. 5 , 663–668 (2020). Tomaszewska, A. et al. eTransportation 1 , 100011 (2019). Wu, W. et al. Energy Convers. Manag. 182 , 262–281 (2019). Zichen, W. &amp; Changqing, D. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 139 , 110685 (2021). Tete, P. R. et al . J. Energy Storage 35 , 102255 (2021).

  PublisherDOI

• Conditions for High Rate, High Capacity Li-Ion Convection Cells through Dimensional Analysis

  ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2021-10-19

  article
  PublisherDOI

• Expanding the Cell Design Space: Modeling the Impact of Electrolyte Convection on the Performance of Intercalation Batteries

  ECS Meeting Abstracts · 2021-05-30

  article

  Ubiquitous in portable electronics and emergent in transportation and grid applications, lithium (Li)-ion batteries represent the state-of-the-art in energy storage technology due to their energy density, roundtrip efficiency, and cycle life. 1,2 While the past decade has seen a steady decline in battery price and concomitant increase in energy density due to a combination of materials development, manufacturing advances, and market scale, 3,4 current Li-ion batteries are still unable to meet the often incongruous requirements of emerging applications. 5,6 Most current research efforts focus on advancement of new material sets with improved property profiles, 7–9 but decidedly fewer efforts contemplate re-engineering the cell format to support the heat and mass transfer conditions necessary for higher-performing energy storage devices. To this end, one potentially promising approach is the convection battery (Figure 1a), in which electrolyte is pumped through the cell to enhance transport properties. 10,11 As compared to traditional configurations, this cell format offers improvements in several areas, including (1) electrodes with an increased and controllable ion flux, (2) improved safety and maintenance, (3) simplified manufacturing, and (4) reduced system costs. Here, we combine mathematical modeling, battery simulation, and dimensional analysis to examine the impact of convection on cell performance over a range of operating conditions as well as electrode and electrolyte properties. Qualitatively, we find that electrolyte flow (1) reduces spatial concentration gradients in the electrolyte (Figure 1c), eliciting enhanced accessed capacity for cells experiencing large electrolyte transport resistance (Figure 1b) and (2) serves as an effective mean of thermal regulation, ensuring battery safety and minimizing degradation. Quantitatively, we derive dimensionless groups to describe observed behaviour and provide further insight into critical previously unanswered questions, such as, when convection is needed, how much is needed, and what is the upper bound of enhancement when convection is used. Ultimately, our results suggest that this platform offers opportunities to expand the technology space of existing and emerging intercalation chemistries, enabling new user applications and revivifying materials previously thought unsuitable due to incompatibility with traditional designs. Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge funding from the MIT Energy Initiative. References: G. Zubi, R. Dufo-López, M. Carvalho, and G. Pasaoglu, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 89 , 292–308 (2018). G. E. Blomgren, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 164 , A5019–A5025 (2017). B. Nykvist and M. Nilsson, Nature Climate Change , 5 , 329–332 (2015). R. Schmuch, R. Wagner, G. Hörpel, T. Placke, and M. Winter, Nature Energy , 3 , 267–278 (2018). S. Ahmed et al., Journal of Power Sources , 367 , 250–262 (2017). A. Bills, S. Sripad, W. L. Fredericks, M. Singh, and V. Viswanathan, ACS Energy Letters , 5 , 663–668 (2020). M. Li, C. Wang, Z. Chen, K. Xu, and J. Lu, Chem. Rev. , 120 , 6783–6819 (2020). W. Lee, S. Muhammad, C. Sergey, H. Lee, J. Yoon, Y.-M. Kang, and W.-S. Yoon, Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 59 , 2578–2605 (2020). T.-F. Yi, T.-T. Wei, Y. Li, Y.-B. He, and Z.-B. Wang, Energy Storage Materials , 26 , 165–197 (2020). G. J. Suppes, B. D. Sawyer, and M. J. Gordon, AIChE Journal , 57 , 1961–1967 (2011). W. Gao, M. J. Orella, T. J. Carney, Y. Román-Leshkov, J. Drake, and F. R. Brushett, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 167 , 140551 (2020). Figure 1 . (a) Simple schematic of the convection battery and (b) fully-validated simulation of cell polarization and accessed capacity as a function of electrolyte flow that (c) prevents depletion in the positive electrode (a limiting conditions for traditional Li-ion batteries). Figure 1

  PublisherDOI

• Understanding the Impact of Convective Transport on Intercalation Batteries Through Dimensional Analysis

  Journal of The Electrochemical Society · 2020 · 3 citations

  • Materials science
  • Chemical engineering
  • Chemistry

  Performance and cost requirements for emerging storage applications challenge existing battery technologies and call for substantial improvements in cell energy and rate capability. Convection batteries can reduce mass transport limitations commonly observed during high current operation or with thick electrodes. In prior proof-of-concept work, while convection was shown to improve cell performance, its effectiveness was limited in the select cases studied. To understand the feasibility of the convection battery more comprehensively, we develop a mathematical model to describe convection in a Li-ion cell and evaluate performance as a function of a broad range of cell dimensions, component properties, as well as electrochemical and flow operating conditions. Qualitatively, we find that electrolyte flow enhances accessible capacity for cells with large electrolyte diffusive transport resistance and low initial amounts of electrolyte salt by reducing spatial concentration gradients and, thus, allowing for efficient high current operation. Quantitatively, by leveraging dimensional analysis that lumps &gt;10 physical and cell parameters into representative dimensionless groups, we describe the efficacy, trade-offs, and upper performance bounds of convection in an electrochemical cell. Our analyses suggest that this format has the potential to enable high-power energy-dense storage which, in turn, may offer new application spaces for existing and emerging intercalation chemistries.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

Frequent coauthors

• Fikile R. Brushett

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  17 shared

• Jarrod D. Milshtein

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  8 shared

• Robert M. Darling

  Hartford Financial Services (United States)

  8 shared

• Weiran Gao

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  8 shared

• Mike L. Perry

  5 shared

• John Newman

  4 shared

• Clayton J. Radke

  4 shared

• John L. Barton

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  4 shared

Education

• Ph.D., Chemical Engineering

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  2010

• M.S., Chemical Engineering

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  2006

• B.S., Chemical Engineering

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  2004