About

Dr. Jeanine Davis is an Associate Professor and Extension Specialist in Horticultural Science at NC State University, with over 30 years of experience working in the field. Her research emphasizes organic agriculture in western North Carolina, focusing on improving the sustainability and profitability of farms through optimizing organic production systems, introducing and developing new crops, and enhancing commercial vegetable production. Her work includes research on culinary and medicinal herbs, non-timber forest products, hemp, hops, truffles, and other specialty crops. She and her team conduct research across three North Carolina research stations and on-farm trials in North Carolina and South Carolina, with offices and labs located at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center in Mills River. Her projects include hops breeding, native woodland medicinals, Chinese medicinal herbs, floral (CBD) hemp studies, and organic vegetable breeding programs. She is involved in multi-state projects to breed tomatoes for organic farmers, improve insect control, and develop broccoli varieties for East Coast producers. Additionally, she manages research on Black Perigord truffle orchards and collaborates on hemp grain and fiber studies. Beyond research, Dr. Davis actively participates in extension programs, organizing conferences, workshops, and field days across the region and country. She is a lead author of a book on woodland medicinals and serves as a founding board member of the Organic Growers School and the NC Natural Products Association. Her professional honors include being named a Fellow of the American Society for Horticultural Science, receiving the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association Activist of the Year Award, and multiple awards from the Southern Region – American Society for Horticultural Science. Her educational background includes a PhD and MS in Horticulture from Washington State University and a BS from Delaware Valley College.

Research topics

• Biology
• Medicine
• Pharmacology
• Biotechnology
• Surgery
• Anesthesia
• Chemistry
• Internal medicine
• Statistics
• Intensive care medicine
• Computational biology
• Pathology
• Bioinformatics
• Food science
• Mathematics
• Toxicology
• Environmental health
• Immunology

Selected publications

• Nonrodent safety and pharmacokinetics supporting clinical development of a novel N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor modulator (CNS4)

  Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · 2026-04-08

  article
  PublisherDOI

• Oral administration of pimobendan in healthy horses results in low plasma concentrations

  American Journal of Veterinary Research · 2025-11-24

  articleOpen access

  Objective: To describe the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of pimobendan (Vetmedin) in healthy adult horses and provide preliminary evidence of the absorption of 2 compounded pimobendan formulations. Methods: From August 2022 through November 2022, 6 healthy adult horses were administered a single dose of 0.5 mg/kg pimobendan orally. A subset of 2 horses was also administered pimobendan, compounded as an oil-based suspension and a capsule formulation. Plasma was collected at times 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after administration. The plasma concentrations of pimobendan and its active metabolite, O-desmethyl-pimobendan, were determined by UPLC-MS-MS. Data were analyzed using noncompartmental pharmacokinetics. Results: Pimobendan reached a mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 4.96 ± 2.13 ng/mL at time 2.17 ± 0.98 hours, with an area under the concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞) of 22.1 ± 8.8 h·ng/mL. The compounded formulations in the 2 horses receiving them resulted in a Cmax ranging from 2.66 to 4.58 ng/mL and an AUC0-∞ ranging from 11.78 to 16.82 h·ng/mL. O-desmethyl-pimobendan was not detected in any sample. Conclusions: The mean Cmax and AUC0-∞ of pimobendan in the plasma of these horses after administration of Vetmedin and compounded formulations was considerably lower than the Cmax reported in dogs administered the same dose. Clinical Relevance: Low plasma concentrations of pimobendan in horses were measured regardless of formulation. Further investigations of other doses and routes are recommended prior to clinical use.

  PublisherDOI

• Plasma concentrations of mirtazapine are significantly different between sampling sites after oral administration in alpacas

  American Journal of Veterinary Research · 2025-10-24

  articleOpen accessSenior author

  Objective: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of mirtazapine (MRZ) after single-dose oral administration in healthy adult alpacas and compare concentrations at 2 venous sampling sites. Methods: This study was conducted during the weeks of January 29, 2024, and February 15, 2024. A single dose of 2 mg/kg MRZ was administered orally via syringe to 7 healthy adult alpacas. Blood was collected from jugular vein (JV; n = 7) and cephalic vein (CV; 5) catheters immediately prior to and at predetermined times for 24 hours after administration. Plasma MRZ concentrations were determined by UPLC-MS-MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each sampling site, and statistical analysis was performed by paired t tests. Results: Mean maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) from JV samples (183 ± 95.2 ng/mL) occurred at time 0.0281 ± 0.029 hours and were significantly higher than CV samples' Cmax (4.84 ± 2.37 ng/mL), which occurred at time 0.464 ± 0.093 hours. Comparison of dose-corrected Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity with those previously reported show the Cmax from JV samples in alpacas is similar to cats (166 ng/mL), but the Cmax from the CV samples failed to reach that reported in dogs (140 ng/mL) and people (123 ng/mL). Conclusions: Plasma concentrations of MRZ were significantly different between sampling sites, resulting in different interpretations for potential use in alpacas. Clinical Relevance: Additional information is needed before using oral MRZ in alpacas, including studies of different doses, formulations, or routes of administration.

  PublisherDOI

• Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Phenazopyridine in Goats With Obstructive Urolithiasis

  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · 2025-06-26

  articleOpen access

  BACKGROUND: Phenazopyridine is used for ancillary pain management in the treatment of goats with obstructive urolithiasis. However, there are no published studies on the pharmacokinetics, safety, or efficacy of phenazopyridine in goats. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenazopyridine after oral administration in goats with obstructive urolithiasis after tube cystostomy surgery. ANIMALS: Six male goats, ages 3 months to 4 years. METHODS: Prospective, observational study. Goats presenting to a veterinary institution diagnosed with obstructive urolithiasis underwent a tube cystostomy surgery. After surgery, phenazopyridine (4 mg/kg PO q12h) was administered. Plasma and urine samples were collected at predetermined intervals, and the concentration of phenazopyridine and clinically relevant metabolites was determined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis. RESULTS: ), and area under the curve (AUC) were 0.5 h (0.22-1.57 h), 263.4 ng/mL (137.35-1047.88 ng/mL), and 0.69 h*ng/mL (0.10-2.99 h*ng/mL), respectively for phenazopyridine. The concentration of phenazopyridine in urine samples was below the limit of assay detection (1.5 ng/mL) in all but one sample. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Phenazopyridine was rapidly eliminated from plasma and did not concentrate at detectable levels in the urine after oral administration.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Adverse Effects and Drug Reactions in Equids

  Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice · 2025-09-25

  articleSenior authorCorresponding
  PublisherDOI

• Residue depletion profile and withdrawal interval estimation of ivermectin in eggs following topical administration of injectable ivermectin to domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus): a pilot study

  Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 2025-02-06 · 2 citations

  articleOpen access

  Introduction: Topical ivermectin is commonly prescribed extra-label for the control of mite infestations in backyard chicken flocks in the US. Methods: = 8; 78 weeks of age, weight 1.7-2.2 kg) were administered injectable ivermectin solution topically over the jugular vein (0.4 mg/kg every 7 days for 2 doses). Ivermectin concentrations in egg white and egg yolk were determined using UPLC with fluorescence detection. Results: of 9.5 days. Residues persisted at low concentrations in egg yolk for up to 71 days after the final dose. WDIs for the egg yolk matrix were estimated using the FDA, EMA, and terminal-elimination half-life multiplier methods (HLM). The longest estimated WDI was 102 days for the EMA 95/95 method (95% confidence interval for 95th population percentile) with the limit of detection (LOD; 0.03 ng/g) set as the maximum residue limit. The FDA 95/99 method using the LOD as the tolerance estimated an 81 day WDI, the HLM method estimated a 96 day WDI. Discussion: This study improves the understanding of the residue depletion kinetics of ivermectin in eggs after topical administration to older hens with inconsistent egg production. Ivermectin is systemically absorbed following topical administration of the injectable formulation in domestic egg laying chickens, resulting in prolonged egg residues. Ivermectin is preferentially distributed to the egg yolk over the egg white following topical administration of the injectable formulation in egg laying chickens. Since plasma kinetics were not evaluated, the impact of systemic exposure on egg residue kinetics following topical administration remains unknown. The results provide insight into how the estimated ivermectin egg WDIs using regulatory methods differ based on the maximum residue limit/tolerance applied and portion of the terminal elimination phase sampled.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Preliminary pharmacokinetics and in vivo studies indicate analgesic and stress mitigation effects of a novel NMDA receptor modulator

  Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · 2025-02-27 · 1 citations

  articleSenior author
  PublisherDOI

• Pharmacokinetics of Chloramphenicol and Chloramphenicol Glucuronide in Horses Following Administration Per Rectum or via Nasogastric Intubation

  Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2025-05-26

  articleOpen access

  ABSTRACT Chloramphenicol is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic used in equine practice. It is known to produce adverse effects of hyporexia/anorexia after oral administration. Administration per rectum (PR) could mitigate the appetite suppression seen with oral administration and allow its use in horses unable to receive oral medications. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relative bioavailability of chloramphenicol administered PR or via nasogastric tube (NGT) and determine relevant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and metabolic ratios. Ten healthy, adult horses were administered chloramphenicol tablets (50 mg/kg) PR or via NGT in a randomized crossover design with a washout period. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times over 24 h, and plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol and its inactive metabolite chloramphenicol glucuronide were analyzed using a validated UPLC‐MS/MS assay. Chloramphenicol tablets dissolved in water were rapidly metabolized to chloramphenicol glucuronide following both routes. Maximum concentrations for PR and NGT administration were ( C max ; μg/mL) 0.119 ± 0.135 and 11.7 ± 5.8, respectively. Administration PR resulted in a relative bioavailability of 0.56% ± 0.86%. The metabolic ratio of chloramphenicol glucuronide to chloramphenicol was 20.2 ± 6.19 for PR and 5 ± 1.88 for NGT. Administration of chloramphenicol PR does not reach therapeutic concentrations nor prevent significant metabolism of chloramphenicol. After administration by NGT, plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol exceeded 2 μg/mL for 3.93 ± 0.44 h.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Pioglitazone does not adequately control hyperinsulinemia but does increase serum adiponectin concentrations in equids with severe insulin dysregulation

  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · 2025-07-30 · 1 citations

  article

  Objective: To characterize the effects of pioglitazone (2 mg/kg, PO, either q 24 h [PIO-SID] or q 12 h [PIO-BID]) in equids with severe hyperinsulinemia. Methods: 17 client-owned equids with severe resting hyperinsulinemia (> 100 µIU/mL) were assigned to PIO-SID or PIO-BID in a prospective cohort study with rolling enrollment over an 11-month study period (December 13, 2022, to November 17, 2023). Basal insulin, total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin concentrations, and plasma pioglitazone concentrations were measured over 70 days. Oral sugar tests (OSTs) were performed on days 0 and 28. Results were analyzed via a mixed-effects linear regression model. Results: Mean (95% CI) resting insulin concentrations decreased from day 0 (PIO-SID, 191.2 µIU/mL [10.1 to 372.1 µIU/mL]; PIO-BID, 113.0 µIU/mL [46.9 to 179.2 µIU/mL]) to day 70 (PIO-SID, 183.4 µIU/mL [-44.6 to 411.4 µIU/mL]; PIO-BID, 66.7 µIU/mL [28.8 to 104.5 µIU/mL]) equivocally in both treatment groups; however OST insulin did not change in either. The high-molecular-weight adiponectin increased in PIO-BID between day 0 (3.5 µg/mL [-0.3 to 7.2 µg/mL]) and day 70 (15.0 µg/mL [6.9 to 23.0 µg/mL]), but not in PIO-SID (day 0 = 0.7 µg/mL [0.2 to 1.3 µg/mL]; day 70 = 4.0 µg/mL [-3.0 to 11.1 µg/mL]). Plasma pioglitazone concentrations on day 70 were 291.8 ng/mL (-40.1 to 623.7 ng/mL [PIO SID]) and 739.7 (453.0 to 1,026.3 ng/mL [PIO-BID]). Conclusions: Pioglitazone did not affect OST insulin and failed to normalize resting insulin. With PO administration every 12 hours, plasma concentrations exceeded the reported human therapeutic threshold (617 ng/mL), and adiponectin significantly increased. Clinical Relevance: Although not effective as a sole treatment for severe hyperinsulinemia, pioglitazone increases adiponectin, a potentially beneficial effect that warrants further investigation.

  PublisherDOI

• Hemadsorption extracorporeal therapy removes cytokines ex vivo in horses

  American Journal of Veterinary Research · 2024 · 5 citations

  • Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Chemistry

  OBJECTIVE: Plasma cytokine adsorption has shown benefit as an adjunctive therapy in human sepsis but has yet to be investigated in horses. We hypothesized that ex vivo filtration of equine plasma with a novel cytokine adsorption device would significantly reduce concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokines. We also hypothesized that the device would adsorb medications commonly used to treat sepsis. ANIMALS: 8 horses owned by North Carolina State University. METHODS: Four liters of heparinized whole blood was collected from healthy adult horses (n = 8) and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (100 ng/mL) for 6 hours (37 °C.) from June 4, 2023, to December 15, 2023. Plasma was filtered through a cytokine adsorption device or sham circuit. Samples were collected at 11 time points for multiplex cytokine analysis. Chemistry analysis was performed before and after filtration. To investigate the impact of the device on medication concentrations, equine plasma containing potassium penicillin, gentamicin, and flunixin meglumine was filtered through the cytokine adsorption device or sham for 6 hours. Drug concentrations before and after filtration were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. Prefiltration versus postfiltration sample concentrations were analyzed by Student paired t test using GraphPad Prism 9.0 (P < .05). RESULTS: Filtration of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated equine plasma (n = 8) for 6 hours resulted in significant mean reductions in the cytokines IL-10, IL-5, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β, as well as albumin. Drug concentrations of potassium penicillin, gentamicin, and flunixin meglumine were also significantly reduced by filtration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This work provides proof of concept for further investigation of extracorporeal cytokine adsorption as a potential adjunct treatment for equine sepsis.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

Frequent coauthors

• Jim E. Riviere

  Kansas State University

  33 shared

• David M. Wong

  Iowa State University

  28 shared

• Nathaniel A. White

  MEP Equine Solutions (United States)

  25 shared

• Zhoumeng Lin

  University of Florida

  22 shared

• Lisa A. Tell

  University of California, Davis

  22 shared

• Ronald E. Baynes

  North Carolina State University

  21 shared

• Mark G. Papich

  North Carolina State University

  21 shared

• Arne Kristian Myhre

  St Olav's University Hospital

  15 shared

Education

• PhD

  North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine

  2006

• DVM

  Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine

  1998

Awards & honors

• American Society for Horticultural Science Fellow of the Soc…
• Carolina Farm Stewardship Association Activist of the Year A…
• United Natural Products Alliance-NC Chapter Visionary Leader…
• North Carolina Vegetable Growers Association Support Award
• Extension Blue Ribbon Publication Award from the Southern Re…