DUNE Phase II: Scientific Opportunities, Detector Concepts, Technological Solutions

arXiv (Cornell University) · 2024 · 5 citations

• Earth science
• Environmental science
• Physics

The international collaboration designing and constructing the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) has developed a two-phase strategy toward the implementation of this leading-edge, large-scale science project. The 2023 report of the US Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) reaffirmed this vision and strongly endorsed DUNE Phase I and Phase II, as did the European Strategy for Particle Physics. While the construction of the DUNE Phase I is well underway, this White Paper focuses on DUNE Phase II planning. DUNE Phase-II consists of a third and fourth far detector (FD) module, an upgraded near detector complex, and an enhanced 2.1 MW beam. The fourth FD module is conceived as a "Module of Opportunity", aimed at expanding the physics opportunities, in addition to supporting the core DUNE science program, with more advanced technologies. This document highlights the increased science opportunities offered by the DUNE Phase II near and far detectors, including long-baseline neutrino oscillation physics, neutrino astrophysics, and physics beyond the standard model. It describes the DUNE Phase II near and far detector technologies and detector design concepts that are currently under consideration. A summary of key R&D goals and prototyping phases needed to realize the Phase II detector technical designs is also provided. DUNE's Phase II detectors, along with the increased beam power, will complete the full scope of DUNE, enabling a multi-decadal program of groundbreaking science with neutrinos.

Amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of $$ {B}^{+}\to {D}^{\ast -}{D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{+} $$ decays

Journal of High Energy Physics · 2024 · 1 citations

• Computer Science
• Algorithm
• Physics

A bstract The decays of the B + meson to the final state $$ {D}^{\ast -}{D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> are studied in proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb − 1 . The ratio of branching fractions of the $$ {B}^{+}\to {D}^{\ast -}{D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and $$ {B}^0\to {D}^{\ast -}{D}_s^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> decays is measured to be 0 . 173 ± 0 . 006 ± 0 . 010, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Using partially reconstructed $$ {D}_s^{\ast +}\to {D}_s^{+}\gamma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:math> and $$ {D}_s^{+}{\pi}^0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> decays, the ratio of branching fractions between the $$ {B}^{+}\to {D}^{\ast -}{D}_s^{\ast +}{\pi}^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> and $$ {B}^{+}\to {D}^{\ast -}{D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> decays is determined as 1 . 31 ± 0 . 07 ± 0 . 14. An amplitude analysis of the $$ {B}^{+}\to {D}^{\ast -}{D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> decay is performed for the first time, revealing dominant contributions from known excited charm resonances decaying to the D * − π + final state. No significant evidence of exotic contributions in the $$ {D}_s^{+}{\pi}^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> or $$ {D}^{\ast -}{D}_s^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo>

Tracking of charged particles with nanosecond lifetimes at LHCb

The European Physical Journal C · 2024 · 1 citations

• Computer Science
• Algorithm
• Computer Science

Abstract A method is presented to reconstruct charged particles with lifetimes between $$10\,\text {ps} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>ps</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$10\,\text {ns},$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>ns</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> which considers a combination of their decay products and the partial tracks created by the initial charged particle. Using the $${\varXi } ^- $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Ξ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> baryon as a benchmark, the method is demonstrated with simulated events and proton-proton collision data at $$\sqrt{s} =13\,\text {TeV},$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0 $$\,\text {fb} ^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> collected with the LHCb detector in 2018. Significant improvements in the angular resolution and the signal purity are obtained. The method is implemented as part of the LHCb Run 3 event trigger in a set of requirements to select detached hyperons. This is the first demonstration of the applicability of this approach at the LHC, and the first to show its scaling with instantaneous luminosity.

Analysis of Neutral <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:math>-Meson Decays into Two Muons

Physical Review Letters · 2022 · 94 citations

• Physics
• Particle physics
• Nuclear physics

Branching fraction and effective lifetime measurements of the rare decay B 0 s -and searches for the decays B 0 -and B 0 s - are reported using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a luminosity of 9 fb -1 . The branching fraction BB 0 s - 3.09 0.460.15 -0.43-0.11 10 -9 and the effective lifetime B 0 s - 2.07 AE 0.29 AE 0.03 ps are measured, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. No significant signal for B 0 -and B 0 s - decays is found and upper limits BB 0 - < 2.6 10 -10 and BB 0 s - < 2.0 10 -9 at the 95% C.L. are determined, where the latter is limited to the range m > 4.9 GeV=c 2 . The results are in agreement with the standard model expectations.

Measurement of the W boson mass

Journal of High Energy Physics · 2022 · 107 citations

• Computer Science
• Physics
• Algorithm

A bstract The W boson mass is measured using proton-proton collision data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt></mml:math> = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 fb − 1 recorded during 2016 by the LHCb experiment. With a simultaneous fit of the muon q/p T distribution of a sample of W → μν decays and the ϕ * distribution of a sample of Z → μμ decays the W boson mass is determined to be $$ {m}_w=80354\pm {23}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {10}_{\mathrm{exp}}\pm {17}_{\mathrm{theory}}\pm {9}_{\mathrm{PDF}}\mathrm{MeV}, $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>w</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>80354</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mn>23</mml:mn><mml:mtext>stat</mml:mtext></mml:msub><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mn>10</mml:mn><mml:mi>exp</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mn>17</mml:mn><mml:mtext>theory</mml:mtext></mml:msub><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mn>9</mml:mn><mml:mi>PDF</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>MeV</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:math> where uncertainties correspond to contributions from statistical, experimental systematic, theoretical and parton distribution function sources. This is an average of results based on three recent global parton distribution function sets. The measurement agrees well with the prediction of the global electroweak fit and with previous measurements.

Test of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays

Nature Physics · 2022 · 367 citations

• Physics
• Particle physics
• Nuclear physics

Abstract The standard model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction strengths. Previous measurements have shown that a wide range of particle decays are consistent with this principle of lepton universality. This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton–proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are of processes in which a beauty meson transforms into a strange meson with the emission of either an electron and a positron, or a muon and an antimuon. If confirmed by future measurements, this violation of lepton universality would imply physics beyond the standard model, such as a new fundamental interaction between quarks and leptons.

Improved measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters by the NOvA experiment

Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2022 · 184 citations

• Physics
• Astrophysics
• Nuclear physics

We present new e , , e , and oscillation measurements by the NOvA experiment, with a 50% increase in neutrino-mode beam exposure over the previously reported results. The additional data, combined with previously published neutrino and antineutrino data, are all analyzed using improved techniques and simulations. A joint fit to the e , , e , and candidate samples within the 3-flavor neutrino oscillation framework continues to yield a best-fit point in the normal mass ordering and the upper octant of the 23 mixing angle, with m 2 32 2.41 AE 0.07 10 -3 eV 2 and sin 2 23 0.57 0.03 -0.04 . The data disfavor combinations of oscillation parameters that give rise to a large asymmetry in the rates of e and e appearance. This includes values of the charge parity symmetry (CP) violating phase in the vicinity of CP =2 which are excluded by > 3 for the inverted mass ordering, and values around CP 3=2 in the normal ordering which are disfavored at 2 confidence.

Measurement of CP Violation in the Decay B plus -> K+ pi(0)

2021

• Physics
• Particle physics
• Mathematics

Evidence of a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1770.svg"> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> structure and observation of excited <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si176.svg"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> states in the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si177.svg"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>J</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> decay

Science Bulletin · 2021 · 246 citations

• Physics
• Particle physics
• Nuclear physics

, collected with the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV.

Measurement of the shape of the B-s(0) -> D-s*(-) mu(+) nu(mu) differential decay rate

2020

• Physics