Incarcerated Persons’ Day in the Sun: Why Prisoners Should Have a Right to Fresh Air and Direct Sunlight

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality · 2026-01-01

One word sums up the current state of a prisoner’s rights to fresh air and direct sunlight: conditionality. Because the rights are conditional in the United States, the sword of litigation hangs above prisons while residents are subject to violations of their limited constitutional rights. International law and medical research respectively recognize the right to, and need for, outdoor recreation. However, the grueling deliberate indifference standard debilitates attempts to change this reality in the courthouse. Thus, the impetus of change must come from the expansion of statutory rights. The right to fresh air and direct sunlight can be energized through aspirational, yet attainable recreation standards. But these standards must be clear and particularized. Because prisons will do the bare minimum required by law, these policies must also eliminate or at least reduce deference to prison administrators. States can examine other recreation laws, such as laws for school children’s recreation that are intentionally designed for the health of their beneficiaries. Ultimately, a new statute must use focused, tight language that outlines the exact minimum standards and explicitly expresses its desired outcomes. Even though the Eighth Amendment space contains a hefty amount of deference toward prison administrations, clear and explicit statutory language can begin to sap the power of prison administrators and put power back into the hands of the people—the taxpayers—who send their funds into a black hole of transparency and constitutional rights.

Wigner's Theorem for stabilizer states and quantum designs

arXiv (Cornell University) · 2024-05-27

We describe the symmetry group of the stabilizer polytope for any number $n$ of systems and any prime local dimension $d$. In the qubit case, the symmetry group coincides with the linear and anti-linear Clifford operations. In the case of qudits, the structure is somewhat richer: for $n=1$, it is a wreath product of permutations of bases and permutations of the elements within each basis. For $n>1$, the symmetries are given by affine symplectic similitudes. These are the affine maps that preserve the symplectic form of the underlying discrete phase space up to a non-zero multiplier. We phrase these results with respect to a number of a priori different notions of "symmetry'', including Kadison symmetries (bijections that are compatible with convex combinations), Wigner symmetries (bijections that preserve inner products), and symmetries realized by an action on Hilbert space. Going beyond stabilizer states, we extend an observation of Heinrich and Gross (Ref. [25]) and show that the symmetries of fairly general sets of Hermitian operators are constrained by certain moments. In particular: the symmetries of a set that behaves like a 3-design preserve Jordan products and are therefore realized by conjugation with unitaries or anti-unitaries. (The structure constants of the Jordan algebra are encoded in an order-three tensor, which we connect to the third moments of a design). This generalizes Kadison's formulation of the classic Wigner Theorem on quantum mechanical symmetries.

Recruitment for ADRD Clinical Trials Optimized through Academic and Community Partnership in Appalachia

Alzheimer s & Dementia · 2024-12-01 · 1 citations

Abstract Introduction The United States is undergoing a demographic shift with increasing proportions of older adults. Currently, one in three older adults pass away with a form of Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). This figure is higher in underrepresented and underserved groups including older adults in rural Appalachian communities. Programs that promote inclusion in clinical services and research are needed in rural, medically underserved regions. To establish and evaluate mechanisms for outreach and recruitment in clinical research for caregivers of persons with ADRD living in rural Kentucky counties. Methods The University of Kentucky (UK) Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging partnered with St. Claire Healthcare and the Northeast Kentucky Area Health Education Center to promote rural‐tailored clinical trial recruitment of caregivers of older adults with ADRD. Successful approaches and methods were tracked and documented. Results A model for rural recruitment and outreach for older adult engagement emerged. Over the course of seven months, 106 rural Kentucky caregivers of persons with ADRD were screened for clinical trial enrollment. This model identified successful outlets for recruitment dissemination through multiple strategies, including community agencies, healthcare providers, social media, emailing, word of mouth, and in‐person promotion of the study (health fairs, self‐initiated conversation at community events, etc.). Flexible engagement efforts were effective, such as calling at convenient times for participants and adapting to schedule changes (i.e., changes during and following historic flooding in recruitment regions). Conclusions Academic‐community partnerships extend the enterprise of university‐based clinical research to offer innovative programming directly in underserved and underrepresented rural communities. Recommendations from this program include 1) involving community representatives in recruitment and outreach efforts, 2) targeting communication with local organizations, and 3) including a variety in modes of contact with potential participants. This program illustrates a model that optimizes inclusion of underrepresented populations in clinical research and may have applicability to improve clinical care options in underserved areas.

Frontmatter

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics · 2024-04-01

Insulinoma

2024-01-01

DETECTION OF HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY ON ELECTROCARDIOGRAM USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024 · 3 citations

• Artificial Intelligence
• Medicine
• Cardiology

Entanglement swapping in generalized probabilistic theories and iterated Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt games

Physical review. A/Physical review, A · 2024-08-28 · 1 citations

While there exist theories that have states more strongly entangled than quantum theory, in the sense that they show Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) values above Tsirelson's bound, all known examples of such theories have a strictly smaller set of measurements. Therefore, in tasks that require both bipartite states and measurements, they do not perform better than quantum mechanics. One of the simplest information processing tasks involving both bipartite states and measurements is that of entanglement swapping. In this paper, we study entanglement swapping in generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs). In particular, we introduce the iterated CHSH game, which measures the power of a GPT to preserve nonclassical correlations, in terms of the largest CHSH value obtainable after $n$ rounds of entanglement swapping. Our main result is the construction of a GPT that achieves a CHSH value of 4 after an arbitrary number of rounds. This addresses a question about the optimality of quantum theory for such games recently raised by Weilenmann and Colbeck. One challenge faced when treating this problem is that there seems to be no general framework for constructing GPTs in which entanglement swapping is a well-defined operation. Therefore, we introduce an algorithmic construction that turns a bipartite GPT into a multipartite GPT that supports entanglement swapping, if consistently possible.

The Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes

2024-01-01

Frontmatter

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics · 2024-06-24

Extracorporeal Femoro-Carotid Shunt for Transcarotid Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

JACC Case Reports · 2024-05-13 · 5 citations

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement may be performed with a transcarotid approach when peripheral vascular disease is prohibitive for transfemoral access. In this case, a patient who presented in cardiogenic shock secondary to severe aortic stenosis developed electroencephalographic changes during transcarotid TAVR. A temporary extracorporeal femoro-carotid shunt permitted successful TAVR.