About

Tim Kraft is an Associate Professor of Operations and Supply Chain Management at NC State University's Poole College of Management. His research focuses on environmental and social responsibility issues within supply chains. He has studied topics such as the impact of supply chain transparency on consumer and company decision-making in social responsibility contexts, ways for stakeholders to motivate suppliers to improve sustainability practices, the influence of environmental regulations on company and activist decision-making, and the role of audits in enhancing corporate social responsibility in supply chains. His work has been published in leading journals including Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, Production and Operations Management, and Sloan Management Review. At NC State, Tim has taught operations strategy and sustainable operations management courses at the MBA level, as well as operations management research seminars for PhD students. In 2024, he was named an NC State University Faculty Scholar and received an Outstanding Teacher Award. Prior to his current position, he taught at the University of Virginia Darden School of Business and served as a visiting faculty member at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He earned his doctorate in Management Science and Engineering from Stanford University in 2011, holds an MBA and Master of Science in Business Management & Mechanical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, and a Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering from Georgia Tech.

Research topics

• Marketing
• Business
• Computer Science
• Economics
• Sociology
• Political Science
• Operations management
• Industrial organization
• Management
• Finance
• Microeconomics
• Public relations
• Process management

Selected publications

• Das Werk-ABC

  Handbuch Kulturmanagement · 2026-03-27

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  Das Werk ist Anknüpfungspunkt für den Schutz von Urheberrechten. Als Werk werden nur persönliche geistige Schöpfungen von Menschen geschützt, die gestalterisch neu und eigenartig sind und sich vom vorbekannten Formenschatz (nicht zwingend figürlich zu verstehen) hinreichend absetzen. Je stärker die Individualität des Urhebers im Werk zum Ausdruck kommt, desto größer ist der Schutzumfang. Je schwächer die individuellen Züge zu erkennen sind, desto geringer ist der Schutzumfang.

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• Working with Generative AI vs Humans: The Impact on Well-being

  SSRN Electronic Journal · 2026-01-01

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• Environmental standards: Examining a regulator’s strategy for setting a deadline

  European Journal of Operational Research · 2025-11-06

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• Environmental Regulation Design: Motivating Firms’ Clean Technology Investments With Penalties and Subsidies

  Production and Operations Management · 2024-01-01 · 26 citations

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  The recently enacted Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) includes a number of incentive-based programs (e.g., tax credits) designed to motivate firms to develop new clean technologies for fighting climate change. However, the IRA also includes a fee firms incur for excessive methane emissions. This represents the first time the United States government has ever levied a fee on greenhouse gas emissions, and it raises an interesting research question—how should a budget-constrained regulator balance the use of both incentive and penalty-based levers for stimulating investment in clean technology development? In this paper, we examine a regulator’s optimal penalty and subsidy decisions for motivating firms to invest in clean technology development. We illustrate how the level of competitive intensity in the market can influence a budget-constrained regulator with multiple competing objectives—the environment, firm profits, and consumer welfare. We find that a subsidy is always beneficial, irrespective of the regulator’s objective. While imposing a firm penalty always benefits the environment, it always negatively impacts the sum of firm profits and consumer welfare. However, depending on the level of competition in the market, instances can occur where imposing a high penalty actually benefits total firm profits or consumer welfare (separately). Interestingly, a regulator that cares about all three dimensions of its objective equally, should always set the penalty to either its minimum or maximum value, depending on whether the environmental cost of the harmful product is high or low.

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• Supply Chain Transparency and Sustainability

  Foundations and Trends® in Technology Information and Operations Management · 2023-11-07 · 6 citations

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  In the past few decades, social and environmental incidents in global supply chains have propelled supply chain transparency to become an increasingly important topic for firms. Multiple stakeholders, including consumers, regulators, investors, and activists, are all exerting pressures to compel or mandate firms to monitor social and environmental practices in their supply chains and disclose the related information to the public. Creating a transparent supply chain requires a firm to both gain visibility into its supply chain and disclose information to external stakeholders. Gaining visibility involves substantial investment of resources by a firm. Disclosing potentially sensitive social or environmental information comes with both risks and benefits. Because of the complexity entailed in both aspects, supply chain transparency becomes an emerging field of study for academic researchers. In this monograph, we examine and discuss the academic literature that investigates both the visibility and disclosure dimensions of supply chain transparency within the context of social and environmental responsibility. To present a clear picture of the research landscape for the operations management community, we focus our discussions on research from the behavioral and analytical modeling literature. By discussing some of the most representative and emerging studies in this space, we hope to highlight valuable research opportunities and inspire further research on the topic of supply chain transparency.

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• Supply Chain Transparency and Sustainability

  2023-01-01 · 1 citations

  book1st authorCorresponding

  Supply Chain Transparency and Sustainability examines the academic literature that investigates both the visibility and disclosure dimensions of supply chain transparency within the context of social and environmental responsibility. In order to present a clear picture of the research landscape for the operations management community, the discussions are focused on research from the behavioral and analytical modeling literature. The primary goal is to discuss the most representative and emerging works in this space so as to highlight future research directions and inspire more research on supply chain transparency. While supply chain transparency is a topic of relevance for many management contexts, this monograph focuses on its role in the context of sustainability. The monograph is organized as follows. First, there is a brief background on the topic of supply chain transparency. The authors then review the behavioral literature on supply chain transparency. This is then followed by a review of the analytical modeling literature that examines transparency-related contexts. Finally, the monograph concludes by discussing potential future research directions.

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• Trees, Chains and Wittgenstein's Tractatus

  RIVISTA DI STORIA DELLA FILOSOFIA · 2023-02-01 · 1 citations

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• Setting the deadline and the penalty policy for a new environmental standard

  European Journal of Operational Research · 2023-11-17 · 12 citations

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• Logik und Geschlecht? Empirische Daten zu Logikeinführungen im Philosophiestudium an deutschen Universitäten1

  Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung · 2023-01-01 · 1 citations

  article1st authorCorresponding

  Although the underrepresentation of women in academic philosophy is well-known and hard to overlook, philosophers started to pay more attention to the actual data on and potential explanations of the underrepresentation of women in philosophy only in the last decade and predominately in anglophone countries. The data I present in this paper deal with introductory logic courses at German universities (gender of textbook authors, gender of logic course instructors, student grades by gender at one university). Two results are particularly noteworthy: For one, logic teaching in Germany is currently predominantly male and even more male than philosophy teaching as a whole. For another, there is no evidence for any differences between grades of female and male students. The student grade data, however, illustrate how statistical phenomena like Simpson's paradox can explain how male students can <italic>appear</italic> to achieve better grades than female students even if there is no underlying difference: When correcting for students’ major (philosophy vs. STEM), logic grades of male and female students are remarkably similar. Although the scope of the data presented here is limited, they allow to add further details to an emerging map of the profession. I close with some suggestions for avoiding stereotyping logic as “male”.

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• Examining the Impact of Leniency Bias on Supplier Audits

  SSRN Electronic Journal · 2022-01-01

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Frequent coauthors

• Yanchong Zheng

  14 shared

• Feryal Erhun

  University of Cambridge

  11 shared

• León Valdés

  7 shared

• Özgen Karaer

  Middle East Technical University

  6 shared

• Elliott N. Weiss

  5 shared

• Allison Elias

  University of Virginia

  4 shared

• Jeremy Hutchison‐Krupat

  Cambridge School

  4 shared

• Sytske Wijnsma

  3 shared

Awards & honors

• 2024 NC State University Faculty Scholar
• 2024 Outstanding Teacher Award from NC State