About

Andrew Greenland is a member of the People Management Advisory Board at NC State University's Poole College of Management. The purpose of the board is to support faculty in providing relevant and effective education and research that is meaningful to current and future leaders. The board's interactions aim to enable students and stakeholders through teaching, research, and service to develop a deep understanding of the complexities of modern business environments, including strategy formulation, implementation, staffing, and resourcing.

Research topics

• Economics
• Political Science
• Financial economics
• Business
• Monetary economics
• Econometrics
• Market economy
• International economics
• Geography
• Demographic economics
• Finance
• Labour economics
• International trade

Selected publications

• Replication Data for: "Trade and US Inequality in the Tokyo Round"

  Open MIND · 2026-02-26

  dataset1st authorCorresponding

  These files constitute the replication package for ``Trade and US Inequality in the Tokyo Round,'' by Andrew Greenland, James Lake, and John Lopresti.

  DOI

• AVE Tariffs are a Misleading Measure of Tariff Policy

  National Bureau of Economic Research · 2025-10-01

  reportOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  This paper demonstrates that ignoring the source of variation in tariff levels yields misleading conclusions regarding the effects of tariff changes. Specifically, we show that changes in the ad valorem equivalent (AVE) tariff are insufficient to quantify the magnitude or sign of the effect of tariff changes on economic outcomes. To illustrate this point, we construct the first database of annual US statutory tariffs from 1972 to 1988 and use it to explore the consequences of liberalization in the years spanning the Tokyo Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Decomposing the aggregate AVE into its statutory and endogenous components, we document two distinct liberalizations in our sample. Prior to 1979, inflation combines with specific tariffs to create an ``accidental liberalization'', despite the absence of widespread statutory tariff changes. After 1979, endogenous changes in the composition of imports mask the large Tokyo Round statutory tariff liberalization. Generalizing an exact hat framework to accommodate specific tariffs, we show that inflation-driven reductions in AVEs account for roughly half of the tariff liberalization in our sample, but these changes ultimately reduce imports and welfare. Finally, we show that specific tariffs remain an important determinant of cross-sectional variation in AVEs: between 2000 and 2017, one-third to one-half of the annual cross-sectional variance in good-level AVEs is driven by variation in the AVE of specific tariffs.

  PublisherDOI

• Trade Policy as an Exogenous Shock: Focusing on the Specifics

  National Bureau of Economic Research · 2024-11-01 · 2 citations

  reportOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  This paper introduces a novel approach to quantifying the effects of tariff protection on economic outcomes by leveraging heterogeneous dependence on specific tariffs in the presence of price changes.We construct a database encompassing the universe of tariff lines across five US trade policy regimes between 1900 and 1940 and show that our measure of changes in "realized protection" strongly predicts import growth and labor market outcomes during this period.Using linked full-count Census data, we show that import exposure inhibited structural change by slowing the transition out of agriculture and into the expanding manufacturing sector, particularly among the young.

  PublisherDOI

• Trade and Structural Change: Focusing on the Specifics

  SSRN Electronic Journal · 2024-01-01

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding
  PublisherDOI

• Us Inequality in the 1980s: The Tokyo Round Trade Liberalization and the Swiss Formula

  SSRN Electronic Journal · 2024-01-01

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding
  PublisherDOI

• Using equity market reactions to infer exposure to trade liberalization

  Journal of International Economics · 2024-08-31 · 12 citations

  article1st authorCorresponding
  PublisherDOI

• Trade Policy as an Exogenous Shock: Focusing on the Specifics

  SSRN Electronic Journal · 2021-01-01

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding
  PublisherDOI

• Trade and Structural Change: Focusing on the Specifics

  2021-06-16

  preprintOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  This paper proposes a novel strategy for identifying the effects of import competition on economic outcomes that avoids standard concerns related to the endogeneity of trade policy and provides a consistent measure of exposure to trade over time. Conditioning on the level of import tariffs, our approach exploits cross-industry differences in the relative importance of specific rather than ad valorem tariffs. As they are expressed in per unit terms rather than as a share of value, the effective protection provided by a given specific tariff varies with price levels. Using digitized tariff line data between 1900 and 1940, we relate inflation-driven changes in trade protection to changes in imports and labor market outcomes in the full count U.S. census. We show that our measure predicts import growth at both the industry and county level. Using our measure as an instrument, we show that import competition reduces labor force participation in traded sectors during this period. Labor market effects are widespread but fall most heavily on those with little experience or fewer outside labor market options: the young, seniors, and those in rural areas.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics

  SSRN Electronic Journal · 2020 · 53 citations

  • Economics
  • Econometrics
  • Monetary economics
  PublisherDOI

• Using Equity Market Reactions to Infer Exposure to Trade Liberalization

  SSRN Electronic Journal · 2020-01-01 · 3 citations

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding
  PublisherDOI

Frequent coauthors

• John Lopresti

  William & Mary

  25 shared

• Mihai Ion

  University of Arizona

  6 shared

• Peter McHenry

  William & Mary

  5 shared

• Peter K. Schott

  Yale University

  5 shared

• Anusha Chari

  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

  2 shared

• Laura Alfaro

  2 shared

• James Lake

  University of Tennessee at Knoxville

  1 shared