About

Dr. Kathleen Park is an assistant professor of administrative sciences at Boston University Metropolitan College, with a focus on strategic and international management, innovation, and technology management. She holds a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management, an MBA from MIT, and a BA from Harvard University. Her research interests include the intersection of innovation, internationalization through mergers and acquisitions, global strategy, emerging markets, leadership, management and entrepreneurial teams, and corporate governance. Her scholarly work has been published in numerous reputable journals such as the Journal of Business Research, R&D Management, Business Horizons, Journal of Management History, and the Thunderbird International Business Review, among others. She has also contributed to book chapters and has presented her research globally across Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, the Middle East, and North America. Dr. Park's research has received recognition through awards from the Academy of Management, the Global Business and Technology Association, and the European Academy of Management. She has established international research partnerships focused on leadership, innovation, and internationalization in emerging markets. Additionally, she teaches courses related to new venture planning, innovation processes, and developing new products and services.

Research topics

• Political Science
• Business
• Marketing
• Management
• Economics
• Public relations
• Sociology
• Computer Science
• Knowledge management
• Process management
• Industrial organization

Selected publications

• Operational Resilience Under Carbon Constraints: A Socio-Technical Multi-Agentic Approach to Global Supply Chains

  Systems · 2026-03-31

  articleOpen accessCorresponding

  High-stakes logistics, defined as supply chains where delays, quality loss, or noncompliance have serious human, safety, financial, or geopolitical consequences, are a prominent case of a broader reality: global supply chains are safety-, cost-, and time-critical socio-technical systems where forecasting quality, vendor coordination, and operational decisions shape service levels and stakeholder welfare. At the same time, decarbonization pressures and the growing use of AI for planning and control introduce new risks and trade-offs across energy, computation, and physical logistics. We develop a multi-agent framework that models supply chain system-of-systems dynamics drawing on (1) supply chain decision functions (shipment planning, sourcing and vendor management), (2) national energy-transition conditions that determine grid carbon intensity, and (3) carbon-aware computation accounting for AI-enabled decision support. Methodologically, we combine predictive analytics, unsupervised segmentation, and a carbon-cost-of-intelligence layer in a scenario-based assessment of how national energy-transition profiles–from Norway to India–affect the intensity of AI compute carbon, meaning the carbon emissions generated by the hardware and data centers required to train and run AI models. We introduce the carbon-adjusted supply chain performance (CASP) metric that integrates physical transport carbon, cold-chain overhead where applicable, and AI compute carbon into a per-package-type performance measure. Our analysis yields three actionable outputs for systems engineering and environmental management: carbon, service, and cost trade-off frontiers; governance levers (sourcing portfolio rules, buffers, and compute policies); and system-level early-warning indicators for disruption amplification. This study implements a tool-augmented multi-agent system (orchestrator, risk, and sourcing agents) using AWS bedrock and strands agents, where LLM-based agents orchestrate deterministic analytical engines through structured tool interfaces with adaptive query generation. Theoretically, we extend previous systems-of-systems and sustainable supply chain findings by formalizing package-type-specific carbon–service frontiers and by embedding AI compute carbon into a socio-technical resilience framework. Practically, the CASP benchmark, governance lever analysis, and multi-agent implementation provide decision-makers with concrete tools to compare carriers, routes, and compute strategies across countries while making transparent the trade-offs between service reliability and total carbon.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Ethical considerations of social media use for surgeons

  Surgical Endoscopy · 2026-04-13

  articleOpen access

  Abstract Background Social media has become an increasingly prevalent platform for exchanging health information, facilitating professional networking, promoting education, and fostering public engagement. For surgeons, its benefits—rapid dissemination of knowledge, community building, conference amplification, advocacy, and recruitment—coexist with heightened ethical risks, including breaches of confidentiality, blurred professional boundaries, misinformation, conflicts of interest, and inequities in access. This SAGES Ethics Committee white paper provides an ethics-focused overview of surgeon social media use and offers practical recommendations aligned with core bioethical principles, incorporating previous work from the SAGES Social Media Committee, the SAGES Facebook Taskforce, and the SAGES Ethics Committee. Methods/Approach We synthesize existing professional guidance and the peer-reviewed literature on social media in healthcare and surgery to identify recurring ethical dilemmas across stakeholder groups (surgeons, patients, institutions, and society). We organize these issues using the four principles of biomedical ethics—autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—and translate them into actionable standards for professional conduct, content stewardship, and institutional oversight. Results Key ethical domains include the following: (1) professionalism and identity management in blended personal/professional spaces; (2) confidentiality and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)-informed safeguards when sharing clinical images, videos, and case discussions; (3) disclosure and conflict-of-interest management in self-promotion, marketing, endorsements, and “non–evidence-based” content; (4) boundaries in patient interaction, emphasizing that social media should not be used for direct patient-provider communication in lieu of secure, trackable clinical platforms; (5) respect for patient privacy, including a general expectation that clinicians should not search patients’ social media absent compelling, disclosure-supported exceptions (e.g., emergent identification needs); (6) consent standards for recording or posting media involving patients or clinicians; (7) equity considerations, recognizing that reliance on social platforms can worsen disparities for individuals lacking access or digital health literacy; and (8) societal-level implications such as clinical trial recruitment, crowdsourcing, misinformation correction, wellness harms from excessive use, and emerging risks/opportunities from artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled amplification and data mining. Conclusions Ethical social media engagement by surgeons is feasible and often beneficial when guided by transparency, accuracy, confidentiality protection, boundary maintenance, and equity. We recommend clear disclosures, separation of personal/professional accounts when feasible, institutional and society-level monitoring frameworks for official messaging, strict consent and de-identification standards for clinical content, avoidance of social media as a clinical communication channel, and ongoing review of AI-driven changes to platform dynamics and privacy risk.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Global governance and local bonds: CEO–chair role separation and executive relationship reconfiguration

  Management Research Review · 2026-05-20

  article

  Purpose This study examines how statutory governance reforms requiring CEO–chair role separation reconfigure top executive relationships. Drawing on social exchange and triadic interaction theory, the authors analyze how formal structural mandates interact with informal leadership bonds to influence trust, loyalty, authority and cohesion among the CEO, executive chair and members of the top management team. The authors explore how senior executives negotiate continuity and change in their relationships while adapting to global governance norms and balancing local relational traditions with international accountability and legitimacy expectations. Design/methodology/approach The authors pursued a revelatory case study in an emerging markets context with rare access into an emerging market multinational corporation that transitioned from CEO–chair duality to separate roles following regulatory reform. Data collection included 22 semi-structured interviews with the CEO, chair and all TMT members; over 450 hours of site visits; observations of meetings; and internal documents. The authors categorized and coded data thematically and structured their approach conceptually around an emergent triadic social exchange theory and methodologically to capture interdependencies across CEO–chair–TMT interactions. Findings Formal governance reforms reshaped executive role definitions but did not eliminate longstanding informal ties. Trust, loyalty and familial-style bonds persisted, influencing triadic dynamics in ways that sometimes reinforced and sometimes undermined formal structures. The executive chair exerted disproportionate influence, while prior TMT membership constrained the legitimacy of the new CEO. Triadic configurations highlighted asymmetries of power, mutual dependence and relational cohesion, showing how persistent socioemotional connections mediate formal institutional change. Research limitations/implications The study derives from a single firm in one emerging market regulatory context, limiting broad generalizability. Nevertheless, findings extend social exchange theory by applying a triadic lens to governance reform, moving beyond dyadic models of CEO–chair or CEO–TMT relations. Future research should explore multi-actor interactions across different governance systems, industries and regions and consider the inclusion of boards, additional heterogeneity dimensions and comparative institutional frameworks. Practical implications For boards and policymakers, findings underscore that mandating role separation alone does not guarantee stronger accountability or independence. Informal ties, often culturally embedded, can sustain influence and blur authority lines even after reform. Effective governance, therefore, requires not only formal structural compliance but also careful attention to relational dynamics among executives. Practitioners should proactively manage transitions, clarify expectations and cultivate balanced trust to ensure that role reconfiguration achieves both oversight and collaboration goals. Social implications The authors highlight how institutional reforms aimed at enhancing transparency and accountability intersect with relational traditions in emerging markets. By demonstrating how executives rely on personal trust and quasi-familial loyalty to navigate structural changes, the authors show the continuing salience of social capital in organizational governance. Findings encourage policymakers to consider cultural embeddedness when designing reforms, ensuring that governance frameworks accommodate both global legitimacy demands and local relational practices without creating unanticipated tensions. Originality/value The authors advance understanding of governance by applying a triadic social exchange perspective to the CEO–chair–TMT constellation, involving multple triadic groupings of the CEO, chair and individual members of the TMT. The authors show how formal governance reforms intersect with informal executive bonds to create hybrid relational structures. Through rare empirical access to elite leadership in an emerging market multinational, the authors contribute novel theoretical, contextual and practical insights to the governance literature. This study informs both scholars and practitioners seeking to understand the relational undercurrents of governance reforms in globalizing firms.

  PublisherDOI

• The Carbon Cost of Intelligence: A Domain-Specific Framework for Measuring AI Energy and Emissions

  Energies · 2026-01-26 · 1 citations

  articleOpen accessCorresponding

  The accelerating energy demands from artificial intelligence (AI) deployment introduce systemic challenges for achieving carbon neutrality. Large language models (LLMs) represent a dominant driver of AI energy consumption, with inference operations constituting 80–90% of total energy usage. Current energy benchmarks report aggregate metrics without domain-level breakdowns, preventing accurate carbon footprint estimation for workloadspecific operations. This study addresses this critical gap by introducing a carbon-aware framework centered on the carbon cost of intelligence (CCI), a novel metric enabling workload-specific energy and carbon calculation that balances accuracy and efficiency across heterogeneous domains. This paper presents a comprehensive cross-domain energy benchmark using the massive multitask language understanding (MMLU) dataset, measuring accuracy and energy consumption in five representative domains: clinical knowledge (medicine), professional accounting (finance), professional law (legal), college computer science (technology), and general knowledge. Empirical analysis of GPT-4 across 100 MMLU questions, 20 per domain, reveals substantive variations: legal queries consume 4.3× more energy than general knowledge queries (222 J vs. 52 J per query), while energy consumption varies by domain due to input length differences. Our analysis demonstrates the evolution from simple ratio-based approaches (weighted accuracy divided by weighted energy) to harmonic mean aggregation, showing that the harmonic mean, by preventing bias from extreme values, provides more accurate carbon usage estimates. The CCI metric, calculated using weighted harmonic mean (analogous to P/E ratios in finance, where A/E represents accuracy-to-energy ratio), enables practitioners to accurately estimate energy and carbon emissions for specific workload mixes (e.g., 80% medicine + 15% general + 5% law). Results demonstrate that the domain workload mix significantly impacts carbon footprint: a law firm workload (60% law) consumes 96% more energy per query than a hospital workload (80% medicine), representing 49% potential savings through workload optimization. Carbon footprint analysis using US Northeast grid intensity (320 gCO2e/kWh) shows domain-specific emissions ranging from 0.0046–0.0197 gCO2 per query. CCI is validated through comparison with simple weighted average, demonstrating differences up to 12.1%, confirming that the harmonic mean provides more accurate and conservative carbon estimates essential for carbon reporting and neutrality planning. Our findings provide a novel cross-domain energy benchmark for GPT-4 and establish a practical carbon calculator framework for sustainable AI deployment aligned with carbon neutrality goals.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Transforming Global Supply Chains with Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Next-Generation Technologies

  Palgrave studies of entrepreneurship and social challenges in developing economies · 2026-01-01 · 1 citations

  book-chapterCorresponding
  PublisherDOI

• Inclusive Turnout for Equitable Policies: Using Time Series Forecasting to Combat Policy Polarization

  2025-08-01

  articleOpen access

  Selective voter mobilization dominates U.S. elections, with campaigns prioritizing swing voters to win critical states. While effective for a short-term period, this strategy deepens policy polarization, marginalizes minorities, and undermines representative democracy. This paper investigates voter turnout disparities and policy manipulation using advanced time series forecasting models (ARIMA, LSTM, and seasonal decomposition). Analyzing demographic and geographic data, we uncover significant turnout inequities, particularly for marginalized groups, and propose actionable reforms to enhance equitable voter participation. By integrating data-driven insights with theoretical perspectives, this study offers practical recommendations for campaigns and policymakers to counter polarization and foster inclusive democratic representation.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• The classic and the contemporary

  2025-07-24

  book-chapter1st authorCorresponding

  The attempted acquisition of ABN AMRO (Netherlands) by a multinational consortium of the Royal Bank of Scotland (UK), Banco Santander (Spain), and Fortis Group (Belgium) in 2007 marked a pivotal moment in the geopolitics of international banking and continues to shape debates on regulatory risk and national identity in global and cross-border finance. This landmark event of size and complexity in the history of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBM&As)serves as a lens to explore the geopolitical, economic, and regulatory impact of such international mega-deals in the European banking sector and beyond. Three key dimensions emerge in the analysis: the evolution of European and global banking policies, the regional expansion strategies of the consortium partners, and parallels with other regulated global industries. The partial success of the consortium exposed the deal-making risks of aggressive expansion and over-leveraging, particularly as the 2008 financial crisis unfolded. Santander capitalized on its strength to expand into North America, while RBS and Fortis faced financial turmoil requiring state intervention. Meanwhile, ABN AMRO remained under Dutch control through nationalization and re-privatization. This case underscores lasting lessons on EU banking regulations, cross-border acquisitions, and the balance between national identity and global ambitions in regulated industries.

  PublisherDOI

• The Periodic Table: Chemical Properties and Mendeleev Meets Physical Properties and Machine Learning

  Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · 2025-01-01

  book-chapterSenior author
  PublisherDOI

• Mergers, acquisitions, and geopolitical challenges in the global market

  2025-07-24 · 2 citations

  book-chapter

  Understanding the complexities of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the volatile and unstable geopolitical climate in the current era is both a timely and valuable endeavour. Businesses and central banks increasingly see geopolitical risks as key determinants of investment decisions and market dynamics (Caldara & Iacoviello, 2022). They note that the Bank of England considers geopolitical risk (along with economic and policy uncertainty) to be part of the ‘uncertainty trinity’ exerting negative effects on business development.

  PublisherDOI

• Mergers, acquisitions, and geopolitical challenges in the global market

  2025-07-24 · 1 citations

  book-chapter

  The concluding chapter by the editors of this book ties together the insights from all previous chapters, summarizing key lessons and offering perspectives for the future. It reinforces the main themes of the book, providing a coherent closing that emphasizes the importance of considering geopolitics in strategizing mergers and acquisitions. This final chapter first offers a brief synthesis of the learnings from the previous chapters in this book. Building from this, the authors suggest future research themes linking deal-making to geopolitical challenges. The chapter also provides a managerial checklist that practitioners may use in the process of searching, screening, enacting, and integrating their own mergers and acquisitions.

  PublisherDOI

Frequent coauthors

• Olimpia Meglio

  8 shared

• Niels Noorderhaven

  6 shared

• Anthony M. Gould

  Université Laval

  5 shared

• Eugene Pinsky

  Boston University

  5 shared

• Nicola Mirc

  École Supérieure de Commerce de Toulouse

  4 shared

• Faisal AlReshaid

  American University of Kuwait

  4 shared

• Shlomo Y. Tarba

  4 shared

• Mélanie E. Hassett

  University of Sheffield

  4 shared

Awards & honors

• Awards by the Academy of Management
• Awards by the Global Business and Technology Association
• Awards by the European Academy of Management