About

Timo Prange is an Associate Clinical Professor at the College of Veterinary Medicine at NC State University. His contact email is tprange@ncsu.edu. The page does not provide specific details about his research focus, background, or key contributions.

Research topics

• Medicine
• Biology
• Pharmacology
• Microbiology
• Veterinary medicine
• Computer Science
• Internal medicine
• Surgery
• Bioinformatics

Selected publications

• Equine tongue tumours: A multicentre retrospective study

  Equine Veterinary Education · 2025-02-03 · 1 citations

  articleSenior authorCorresponding

  Summary Background Tumours of the oral cavity in horses are rare, and because they are not easily visible, their diagnosis is often delayed. Different types of equine tongue tumours have been described, but information about clinical signs, treatments and outcomes is very limited. Objectives To identify horses with a confirmed antemortem diagnosis of a tongue tumour and to document their clinical presentation, treatment and outcome. Study design Retrospective multicentre study. Methods Medical records (1997–2024) from eight specialty or referral practices were reviewed. Horses met inclusion criteria if an antemortem diagnosis of a tongue tumour was made and confirmed by cytology or histopathology. Results Thirteen horses met the inclusion criteria. Presenting complaints included one or more of the following: tongue mass (4) or wound (2), difficulty eating (6), external facial swelling (2) and abnormal respiratory noise (2). Tumours were identified as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (5), melanoma (2), mast cell tumour (2), anaplastic carcinoma (1), poorly differentiated carcinoma (1), B‐cell lymphoma (1) and neuroendocrine tumour (1). Seven of 13 horses (54%) underwent surgical treatment. Five of the seven (71%) had no recurrence for ≥1 year, and two were euthanised earlier for reasons other than tumour regrowth. One mast cell tumour responded to conservative treatment. All horses with SCC were euthanised following palliative or no treatment. Main limitations The main limitations are the small sample size, a result of the rarity of the condition and the diversity of performed diagnostics and treatments, a consequence of the multicentre study design. Conclusion Horses with tongue tumours frequently present for evaluation of a tongue laceration or mass and biopsy or cytology is required for definitive diagnosis. While the prognosis for lingual SCC was uniformly grave, surgical excision for other types of tongue tumours carried a good long‐term prognosis in this study.

  PublisherDOI

• Treatment of Spontaneous Tumors With Algorithmically Controlled Electroporation

  IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · 2024-04-29 · 6 citations

  articleOpen access

  OBJECTIVE: To study the safety and efficacy of algorithmically controlled electroporation (ACE) against spontaneous equine melanoma. METHODS: A custom temperature sensing coaxial electrode was paired with a high voltage pulse generation system with integrated temperature feedback controls. Computational modeling and ex vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the system's ability to achieve and maintain target temperatures. Twenty-five equine melanoma tumors were treated with a 2000 V protocol consisting of a 2-5-2 waveform, 45 °C temperature set point, and integrated energized times of 0.005 s, 0.01 s, or 0.02 s (2500x, 5000x, and 10000x 2 μs pulses, respectively). Patients returned 20-50 days post treatment to determine the efficacy of the treatment. RESULTS: ACE temperature control algorithms successfully achieved and maintained target temperatures in a diverse population of spontaneous tumors with significant variation in tissue impedance. All treatments were completed successfully without and without adverse events. Complete response rates greater than 93% were achieved in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION: ACE is a safe and effective treatment for spontaneous equine melanoma. The temperature control algorithm enabled rapid delivery of electroporation treatments without prior knowledge of tissue electrical or thermal properties and could adjust to real time changes in tissue properties. SIGNIFICANCE: Real time temperature control in electroporation procedures enables treatments near critical structures where thermal damage is contraindicated. Unlike standard approaches, ACE protocols do not require extensive pretreatment planning or knowledge of tissue properties to determine an optimal energy delivery rate and they can account for changes in tissue state (e.g., perfusion) in real time to simultaneously minimize treatment time and potential for thermal damage.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Improving outcomes in equine skin cancer

  Equine Veterinary Education · 2024-05-07

  articleOpen access1st authorCorresponding

  Summary Skin diseases are an important health problem in horses, and the skin is the most common location for tumours. Equine sarcoids, melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas make up over 95% of cutaneous tumours, but information about the effective treatment of these common forms of skin cancer is limited. In the absence of reliable therapies for advanced cases, cancer screening, reliable diagnostics and early treatment become even more important.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Investigation of integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation against spontaneous equine melanoma

  Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 2024-01-30 · 8 citations

  articleOpen access

  Introduction Integrated time nanosecond pulse irreversible electroporation (INSPIRE) is a novel tumor ablation modality that employs high voltage, alternating polarity waveforms to induce cell death in a well-defined volume while sparing the underlying tissue. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of INSPIRE against spontaneous melanoma in standing, awake horses. Methods A custom applicator and a pulse generation system were utilized in a pilot study to treat horses presenting with spontaneous melanoma. INSPIRE treatments were administered to 32 tumors across 6 horses and an additional 13 tumors were followed to act as untreated controls. Tumors were tracked over a 43–85 day period following a single INSPIRE treatment. Pulse widths of 500ns and 2000ns with voltages between 1000 V and 2000 V were investigated to determine the effect of these variables on treatment outcomes. Results Treatments administered at the lowest voltage (1000 V) reduced tumor volumes by 11 to 15%. Higher voltage (2000 V) treatments reduced tumor volumes by 84 to 88% and eliminated 33% and 80% of tumors when 500 ns and 2000 ns pulses were administered, respectively. Discussion Promising results were achieved without the use of chemotherapeutics, the use of general anesthesia, or the need for surgical resection in regions which are challenging to keep sterile. This novel therapeutic approach has the potential to expand the role of pulsed electric fields in veterinary patients, especially when general anesthesia is contraindicated, and warrants future studies to demonstrate the efficacy of INSPIRE as a solid tumor treatment.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Error reporting in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital identifies medication errors occur most often in the prescribing phase of therapy

  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · 2023-12-22 · 7 citations

  articleOpen access

  OBJECTIVE: To identify the rate at which medication errors occurred over a 2-year period in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital and describe the types of errors that occurred. SAMPLE: 226 medication errors over 6,155 large animal visits occurred during the study period. Multiple errors may have affected the same patient. METHODS: Medication error reports from March 1, 2021, to March 31, 2023, were reviewed retrospectively and classified by species, type of drug, and month and day of the week the error occurred. Errors were categorized according to multiple previously developed systems to allow for comparison to other studies. RESULTS: 226 medication errors occurred over 6,155 patient visits in a 2-year period: 57.5% (130/226) were identified by a dedicated large animal pharmacist, and 64.2% (145/226) of errors were identified and corrected before reaching the patient. Prescription/medication order errors (58.4% [132/226]) occurred significantly more often than errors in medication preparation (21.7% [49/226]; P < .001) and administration (19.6%; P < .001). Antibiotics (48.7% [110/226]) and NSAIDs (17.7% [40/226]) were the drug classes most involved in errors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Most medication errors in this study occurred in the ordering/prescribing phase. This is similar to reports in human medicine, where standardized medication error reporting strategies exist. Developing and applying similar strategies in veterinary medicine may improve patient safety and outcome.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Efficacy of a commercial dry sleeve cryotherapy system for cooling the equine metacarpus

  Veterinary Surgery · 2022 · 4 citations

  Senior authorCorresponding
  • Medicine
  • Veterinary medicine
  • Surgery

  OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of a commercial cryotherapy system (Game Ready Equine) to cool the metacarpal subcutaneous tissue and the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Six healthy adult horses. METHODS: Thermocouples were implanted into the metacarpal subcutaneous tissues and the SDFT of six horses. Two treatments (cryotherapy or cryotherapy with 5-50 mmHg intermittent compression) were randomly assigned to forelimbs and performed for 20 minutes. Temperatures were compared to the target range of 10-19°C and between groups. RESULTS: Only one limb in the cryotherapy/compression group reached the target range after cryotherapy. Temperatures did not differ between treatment groups at time 0. Lowest temperatures achieved in the subcutaneous tissue (p = .0043) and SDFT (p = .005) were 4.9 and 7.6°C lower when intermittent compression was applied. Similarly, applying compression induced a maximum change in temperature of approximately 7.0°C in the subcutaneous tissue (p = .014) and 10.2°C in the SDFT (p = .0001). CONCLUSION: The cryotherapy system did not cool equine subcutaneous tissue or SDFT to the target temperature range, except in one limb. Combining cryotherapy with intermittent compression did result in lower temperatures and a greater change in temperature of the subcutaneous tissue and SDFT. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: When using this cryotherapy system, the addition of intermittent compression should be considered to achieve lower temperatures and potentially greater reduction in inflammation. Further studies are warranted to determine the effect of longer treatment times, higher compression settings, and the optimal temperature for benefits in normal and diseased equine tissues.

  PublisherDOI

• Comparison of the Intestinal Pharmacokinetics of Two Different Florfenicol Dosing Regimens and Its Impact on the Prevalence and Phenotypic Resistance of E. coli and Enterococcus over Time

  Microorganisms · 2021 · 6 citations

  • Medicine
  • Biology
  • Pharmacology

  In order to mitigate the food animal sector's role in the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests the use of lower tier antimicrobials, such as florfenicol. Florfenicol has two dosing schemes used to treat primarily bovine respiratory disease. In this study, the objective was to characterize the plasma and gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics of each dosing regimen and assess the effect of these dosing regimens on the prevalence of resistant indicator bacteria over time. Twelve steers underwent abdominal surgery to facilitate the placement of ultrafiltration probes within the lumen of the ileum and colon, as well as placement of an interstitial probe. Following surgery, cattle were dosed with either 20 mg/kg IM every 48 h of florfenicol given twice (n = 6) or a single, subcutaneous dose (40 mg/kg, n = 6). Plasma, interstitial fluid, gastrointestinal ultrafiltrate, and feces were collected. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated high penetration of florfenicol within the gastrointestinal tract for both the high and low dose group (300%, 97%, respectively). There was no significant difference noted between dosing groups in proportion or persistence of phenotypically resistant bacterial isolates; however, the percent of resistant isolates was high throughout the study period. The recommendation for the use of a lower tier antimicrobial, such as florfenicol, may allow for the persistence of co-resistance for antibiotics of high regulatory concern.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

• Contributors

  Elsevier eBooks · 2021

  • Computer Science
  • Computer Science
  PublisherDOI

• Septic Sialoadenitis

  Elsevier eBooks · 2021-12-10 · 1 citations

  book-chapter1st authorCorresponding
  PublisherDOI

• Effects of danofloxacin dosing regimen on gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics and fecal microbiome in steers

  Scientific Reports · 2021 · 8 citations

  • Medicine
  • Biology
  • Pharmacology

  Fluoroquinolones are a class of antimicrobial commonly used in human medicine, and deemed critical by the World Health Organization. Nonetheless, two formulations are approved for the treatment of respiratory disease in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics and impact on enteric bacteria of cattle when receiving one of the two dosing regimens (high: 40 mg/kg SC once or low: 20 mg/kg IM q48hr) of danofloxacin, a commonly utilized synthetic fluoroquinolone in veterinary medicine. Danofloxacin was administered to 12 steers (age 7 months) fitted with intestinal ultrafiltration devices at two different dosing regimens to assess the gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics, the shifts in the gastrointestinal microbiome and the development of resistant bacterial isolates. Our results demonstrated high intestinal penetration of danofloxacin for both dosing groups, as well as, significant differences in MIC values for E. coli and Enterococcus between dosing groups at selected time points over a 38 day period. Danofloxacin treatment consistently resulted in the Euryarchaeota phyla decreasing over time, specifically due to a decrease in Methanobrevibacter. Although microbiome differences were minor between dosing groups, the low dose group had a higher number of isolates with MIC values high enough to cause clinically relevant resistance. This information would help guide veterinarians as to appropriate dosing schemes to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

  PublisherOA PDFDOI

Frequent coauthors

• Megan E. Jacob

  North Carolina State University

  17 shared

• Derek M. Foster

  North Carolina State University

  17 shared

• Mark G. Papich

  North Carolina State University

  13 shared

• Benjamin J. Callahan

  North Carolina State University

  12 shared

• Jennifer L. Halleran

  North Carolina State University

  8 shared

• Casey M. Theriot

  North Carolina State University

  8 shared

• Ronald E. Baynes

  North Carolina State University

  4 shared

• Hannah J. Slyvester

  North Carolina State University

  4 shared

Education

• Ph.D., Animal Science

  University of California, Davis

  2003

• M.S., Animal Science

  University of California, Davis

  1999

• B.S., Animal Science

  University of California, Davis

  1997